Mineral, Chemical and Technical Characterization of Altered Pyroxenic Andesites from Southeastern Spain for Use as Eco-Efficient Natural Materials
Climate change is already an undeniable reality, and it is a direct consequence of our society’s lifestyle and the indiscriminate use of certain materials, such as Portland cement, which causes the emission of gases and waste that contributes to the greenhouse effect. The object of this work is to p...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/23/12866 |
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| author | Domingo A. Martín Jorge L. Costafreda Miguel A. Sanjuán Jorge L. Costafreda-Velázquez |
| author_facet | Domingo A. Martín Jorge L. Costafreda Miguel A. Sanjuán Jorge L. Costafreda-Velázquez |
| author_sort | Domingo A. Martín |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climate change is already an undeniable reality, and it is a direct consequence of our society’s lifestyle and the indiscriminate use of certain materials, such as Portland cement, which causes the emission of gases and waste that contributes to the greenhouse effect. The object of this work is to present the results obtained from research on pyroxenic andesites that have become altered to zeolite and their use as alternative, eco-efficient materials that improve the quality of cement through a standardized partial substitution. In this work, four samples of pyroxenic andesites altered to zeolites (PAAZ) and two samples of unaltered andesites (UPA) were analyzed. The methods used in this study are as follows: petrography of thin section (PTS), chemical analysis of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and phase determination by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Other tests were carried out to determine the quality of the PAAZ from a technical and practical application point of view, such as chemical analysis of pozzolanicity (CPT) at 8 and 15 days, as well as mechanical compression tests at 2, 7, 28 and 90 days. Petrographic and phase analyses show that the original mineral components of the samples such as pyroxene, amphibole, plagioclase and mica were leached and replaced by more than 90% with mordenite and smectite. XRF analyses indicates an anomalous rise in SiO<sub>2</sub>, a drastic reduction in alumina Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and a significant increase in alkaline compounds over alkaline-earth compounds in samples of altered pyroxenic andesites (PAAZ) with respect to samples of unaltered andesites (UPA). The pozzolanicity test establishes that the samples of unaltered andesites do not behave like pozzolans at 8 or 15 days; however, altered andesites experienced remarkable pozzolanic reactivity in the same periods. The mechanical compression tests carried out on specimens made with PAAZ and Portland cement showed a growing increase in mechanical resistance from 2 days (15.2 MPa) to 90 days (72.1 MPa). These results suggest that pyroxenic andesites altered to zeolite can be an ideal alternative to partially replace Portland cement, which in turn could contribute to the preservation of the environment and a more rational use of traditional resources. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:55:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e250b24a40b0463d8b0d225791afd381 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:55:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-e250b24a40b0463d8b0d225791afd3812023-12-08T15:11:59ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-11-0113231286610.3390/app132312866Mineral, Chemical and Technical Characterization of Altered Pyroxenic Andesites from Southeastern Spain for Use as Eco-Efficient Natural MaterialsDomingo A. Martín0Jorge L. Costafreda1Miguel A. Sanjuán2Jorge L. Costafreda-Velázquez3Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas y Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Ríos Rosas, 21, 28003 Madrid, SpainEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas y Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Ríos Rosas, 21, 28003 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Science and Technology of Building Materials, Civil Engineering School, Technical University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Construcciones, Universidad de Holguín, Avenida XX Aniversario, Vía Guardalavaca, Piedra Blanca, Holguín 80100, CubaClimate change is already an undeniable reality, and it is a direct consequence of our society’s lifestyle and the indiscriminate use of certain materials, such as Portland cement, which causes the emission of gases and waste that contributes to the greenhouse effect. The object of this work is to present the results obtained from research on pyroxenic andesites that have become altered to zeolite and their use as alternative, eco-efficient materials that improve the quality of cement through a standardized partial substitution. In this work, four samples of pyroxenic andesites altered to zeolites (PAAZ) and two samples of unaltered andesites (UPA) were analyzed. The methods used in this study are as follows: petrography of thin section (PTS), chemical analysis of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and phase determination by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Other tests were carried out to determine the quality of the PAAZ from a technical and practical application point of view, such as chemical analysis of pozzolanicity (CPT) at 8 and 15 days, as well as mechanical compression tests at 2, 7, 28 and 90 days. Petrographic and phase analyses show that the original mineral components of the samples such as pyroxene, amphibole, plagioclase and mica were leached and replaced by more than 90% with mordenite and smectite. XRF analyses indicates an anomalous rise in SiO<sub>2</sub>, a drastic reduction in alumina Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and a significant increase in alkaline compounds over alkaline-earth compounds in samples of altered pyroxenic andesites (PAAZ) with respect to samples of unaltered andesites (UPA). The pozzolanicity test establishes that the samples of unaltered andesites do not behave like pozzolans at 8 or 15 days; however, altered andesites experienced remarkable pozzolanic reactivity in the same periods. The mechanical compression tests carried out on specimens made with PAAZ and Portland cement showed a growing increase in mechanical resistance from 2 days (15.2 MPa) to 90 days (72.1 MPa). These results suggest that pyroxenic andesites altered to zeolite can be an ideal alternative to partially replace Portland cement, which in turn could contribute to the preservation of the environment and a more rational use of traditional resources.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/23/12866altered pyroxenic andesitezeolitecementpozzolanicityeco-efficient materialsmortars |
| spellingShingle | Domingo A. Martín Jorge L. Costafreda Miguel A. Sanjuán Jorge L. Costafreda-Velázquez Mineral, Chemical and Technical Characterization of Altered Pyroxenic Andesites from Southeastern Spain for Use as Eco-Efficient Natural Materials Applied Sciences altered pyroxenic andesite zeolite cement pozzolanicity eco-efficient materials mortars |
| title | Mineral, Chemical and Technical Characterization of Altered Pyroxenic Andesites from Southeastern Spain for Use as Eco-Efficient Natural Materials |
| title_full | Mineral, Chemical and Technical Characterization of Altered Pyroxenic Andesites from Southeastern Spain for Use as Eco-Efficient Natural Materials |
| title_fullStr | Mineral, Chemical and Technical Characterization of Altered Pyroxenic Andesites from Southeastern Spain for Use as Eco-Efficient Natural Materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mineral, Chemical and Technical Characterization of Altered Pyroxenic Andesites from Southeastern Spain for Use as Eco-Efficient Natural Materials |
| title_short | Mineral, Chemical and Technical Characterization of Altered Pyroxenic Andesites from Southeastern Spain for Use as Eco-Efficient Natural Materials |
| title_sort | mineral chemical and technical characterization of altered pyroxenic andesites from southeastern spain for use as eco efficient natural materials |
| topic | altered pyroxenic andesite zeolite cement pozzolanicity eco-efficient materials mortars |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/23/12866 |
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