Drought Intensity-Responsive Salicylic Acid and Abscisic Acid Crosstalk with the Sugar Signaling and Metabolic Pathway in <i>Brassica napus</i>
The aim of this study was to characterize hormonal crosstalk with the sugar signaling and metabolic pathway based on a time course analysis of drought intensity. Drought intensity-responsive changes in the assimilation of newly fixed carbon (C) into soluble sugar, the content of sugar and starch, an...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/3/610 |
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| author | Sang-Hyun Park Bok-Rye Lee Van Hien La Md Al Mamun Dong-Won Bae Tae-Hwan Kim |
| author_facet | Sang-Hyun Park Bok-Rye Lee Van Hien La Md Al Mamun Dong-Won Bae Tae-Hwan Kim |
| author_sort | Sang-Hyun Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to characterize hormonal crosstalk with the sugar signaling and metabolic pathway based on a time course analysis of drought intensity. Drought intensity-responsive changes in the assimilation of newly fixed carbon (C) into soluble sugar, the content of sugar and starch, and expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were interpreted as being linked to endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) levels and their signaling genes. The ABA and SA levels in the drought-stressed leaves increased together during the early drought period (days 0–6), and additional ABA accumulation occurred with depressed SA during the late period (days 6–14). Although drought treatment decreased the assimilation of newly fixed C into soluble sugar, representing a 59.9%, 33.1%, and 62.9% reduction in <sup>13</sup>C-glucose, <sup>13</sup>C-fructose, and <sup>13</sup>C-sucrose on day 14, respectively, the drought-responsive accumulation of soluble sugars was significant. During the early period, the drought-responsive accumulation of hexose and sucrose was concurrent with the upregulated expression of <i>hexokinase 1</i> (<i>HXK1)</i>, which, in turn, occurred parallel to the upregulation of ABA synthesis gene <i>9-sis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase</i> (<i>NCED3</i>) and SA-related genes (<i>isochorismate synthase 1</i> (<i>ICS1</i>) and <i>non-expressor of pathogenesis-related gene</i> (<i>NPR1</i>)). During the late period, hexose accumulation, sucrose phloem loading, and starch degradation were dominant, with a highly enhanced expression of the starch degradation-related genes <i>β-amylase 1</i> (<i>BAM1</i>) and <i>α-amylase 3</i> (<i>AMY3</i>), which were concomitant with the parallel enhancement of <i>sucrose non-fermenting−1 (Snf1)-related protein kinase 2</i> (<i>SnRK2</i>)<i>.2</i> and <i>ABA-responsive element binding 2</i> (<i>AREB2</i>) expression in an ABA-dependent manner. These results indicate that the drought-responsive accumulation of sugars (especially SA-mediated sucrose accumulation) is part of the acclamatory process during the early period. Conversely, ABA-responsive hexose accumulation and sucrose phloem loading represent severe drought symptoms during the late drought period. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:59:25Z |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e2517ded04b8487b85282bb1978adb792023-11-21T11:41:11ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-03-0110361010.3390/plants10030610Drought Intensity-Responsive Salicylic Acid and Abscisic Acid Crosstalk with the Sugar Signaling and Metabolic Pathway in <i>Brassica napus</i>Sang-Hyun Park0Bok-Rye Lee1Van Hien La2Md Al Mamun3Dong-Won Bae4Tae-Hwan Kim5Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguten 24000, VietnamDepartment of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, KoreaBiomaterial Analytical Laboratory, Central Instruments Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, KoreaThe aim of this study was to characterize hormonal crosstalk with the sugar signaling and metabolic pathway based on a time course analysis of drought intensity. Drought intensity-responsive changes in the assimilation of newly fixed carbon (C) into soluble sugar, the content of sugar and starch, and expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were interpreted as being linked to endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) levels and their signaling genes. The ABA and SA levels in the drought-stressed leaves increased together during the early drought period (days 0–6), and additional ABA accumulation occurred with depressed SA during the late period (days 6–14). Although drought treatment decreased the assimilation of newly fixed C into soluble sugar, representing a 59.9%, 33.1%, and 62.9% reduction in <sup>13</sup>C-glucose, <sup>13</sup>C-fructose, and <sup>13</sup>C-sucrose on day 14, respectively, the drought-responsive accumulation of soluble sugars was significant. During the early period, the drought-responsive accumulation of hexose and sucrose was concurrent with the upregulated expression of <i>hexokinase 1</i> (<i>HXK1)</i>, which, in turn, occurred parallel to the upregulation of ABA synthesis gene <i>9-sis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase</i> (<i>NCED3</i>) and SA-related genes (<i>isochorismate synthase 1</i> (<i>ICS1</i>) and <i>non-expressor of pathogenesis-related gene</i> (<i>NPR1</i>)). During the late period, hexose accumulation, sucrose phloem loading, and starch degradation were dominant, with a highly enhanced expression of the starch degradation-related genes <i>β-amylase 1</i> (<i>BAM1</i>) and <i>α-amylase 3</i> (<i>AMY3</i>), which were concomitant with the parallel enhancement of <i>sucrose non-fermenting−1 (Snf1)-related protein kinase 2</i> (<i>SnRK2</i>)<i>.2</i> and <i>ABA-responsive element binding 2</i> (<i>AREB2</i>) expression in an ABA-dependent manner. These results indicate that the drought-responsive accumulation of sugars (especially SA-mediated sucrose accumulation) is part of the acclamatory process during the early period. Conversely, ABA-responsive hexose accumulation and sucrose phloem loading represent severe drought symptoms during the late drought period.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/3/610abscisic acid<sup>13</sup>C tracingdrought intensityhormonal crosstalksalicylic acidsugar metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Sang-Hyun Park Bok-Rye Lee Van Hien La Md Al Mamun Dong-Won Bae Tae-Hwan Kim Drought Intensity-Responsive Salicylic Acid and Abscisic Acid Crosstalk with the Sugar Signaling and Metabolic Pathway in <i>Brassica napus</i> Plants abscisic acid <sup>13</sup>C tracing drought intensity hormonal crosstalk salicylic acid sugar metabolism |
| title | Drought Intensity-Responsive Salicylic Acid and Abscisic Acid Crosstalk with the Sugar Signaling and Metabolic Pathway in <i>Brassica napus</i> |
| title_full | Drought Intensity-Responsive Salicylic Acid and Abscisic Acid Crosstalk with the Sugar Signaling and Metabolic Pathway in <i>Brassica napus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Drought Intensity-Responsive Salicylic Acid and Abscisic Acid Crosstalk with the Sugar Signaling and Metabolic Pathway in <i>Brassica napus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Drought Intensity-Responsive Salicylic Acid and Abscisic Acid Crosstalk with the Sugar Signaling and Metabolic Pathway in <i>Brassica napus</i> |
| title_short | Drought Intensity-Responsive Salicylic Acid and Abscisic Acid Crosstalk with the Sugar Signaling and Metabolic Pathway in <i>Brassica napus</i> |
| title_sort | drought intensity responsive salicylic acid and abscisic acid crosstalk with the sugar signaling and metabolic pathway in i brassica napus i |
| topic | abscisic acid <sup>13</sup>C tracing drought intensity hormonal crosstalk salicylic acid sugar metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/3/610 |
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