Design and SAR assessment of three compact 5G antenna arrays
Abstract In this paper three different multi stub antenna arrays at 27–29.5 GHz are designed. The proposed antenna arrays consist of eight single elements. The structure of feeding parts is the same but the radiation elements are different. The feeding network for array is an eight way Wilkinson pow...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00679-8 |
| _version_ | 1818843226840236032 |
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| author | A. Lak Z. Adelpour H. Oraizi N. Parhizgar |
| author_facet | A. Lak Z. Adelpour H. Oraizi N. Parhizgar |
| author_sort | A. Lak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In this paper three different multi stub antenna arrays at 27–29.5 GHz are designed. The proposed antenna arrays consist of eight single elements. The structure of feeding parts is the same but the radiation elements are different. The feeding network for array is an eight way Wilkinson power divider (WPD). To guarantee the simulation results, one of the proposed structures is fabricated and measured (namely the characteristics of S11, E-, and H-plane patterns) which shows acceptable consistency with measurement results. The simulation results by CST and HFSS show reasonable agreement for reflection coefficient and radiation patterns in the E- and H- planes. The overall size of the proposed antenna in maximum case is 29.5 mm × 52 mm × 0.38 mm (2.8 $${{\varvec{\lambda}}}_{0}$$ λ 0 × 4.86 $${{\varvec{\lambda}}}_{0}$$ λ 0 × 0.036 $${{\varvec{\lambda}}}_{0}$$ λ 0 ). Moreover, for Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) estimation, a three-layer spherical human head model (skin, skull, and the brain) is placed next to the arrays as the exposure source. The simulation results show that the performance of proposed antennas as low-SAR sources makes them ideal candidates for the safe usage and lack of impact of millimeter waves (mmW) on the human health. In all three cases of SAR simulations the value of SAR1g and SAR10g are below the standard limitations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T04:54:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e25accde61e8487ba1401fa340f319be |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T04:54:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-e25accde61e8487ba1401fa340f319be2022-12-21T20:35:16ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222021-10-011111910.1038/s41598-021-00679-8Design and SAR assessment of three compact 5G antenna arraysA. Lak0Z. Adelpour1H. Oraizi2N. Parhizgar3Department of Electrical Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad UniversitySchool of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityAbstract In this paper three different multi stub antenna arrays at 27–29.5 GHz are designed. The proposed antenna arrays consist of eight single elements. The structure of feeding parts is the same but the radiation elements are different. The feeding network for array is an eight way Wilkinson power divider (WPD). To guarantee the simulation results, one of the proposed structures is fabricated and measured (namely the characteristics of S11, E-, and H-plane patterns) which shows acceptable consistency with measurement results. The simulation results by CST and HFSS show reasonable agreement for reflection coefficient and radiation patterns in the E- and H- planes. The overall size of the proposed antenna in maximum case is 29.5 mm × 52 mm × 0.38 mm (2.8 $${{\varvec{\lambda}}}_{0}$$ λ 0 × 4.86 $${{\varvec{\lambda}}}_{0}$$ λ 0 × 0.036 $${{\varvec{\lambda}}}_{0}$$ λ 0 ). Moreover, for Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) estimation, a three-layer spherical human head model (skin, skull, and the brain) is placed next to the arrays as the exposure source. The simulation results show that the performance of proposed antennas as low-SAR sources makes them ideal candidates for the safe usage and lack of impact of millimeter waves (mmW) on the human health. In all three cases of SAR simulations the value of SAR1g and SAR10g are below the standard limitations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00679-8 |
| spellingShingle | A. Lak Z. Adelpour H. Oraizi N. Parhizgar Design and SAR assessment of three compact 5G antenna arrays Scientific Reports |
| title | Design and SAR assessment of three compact 5G antenna arrays |
| title_full | Design and SAR assessment of three compact 5G antenna arrays |
| title_fullStr | Design and SAR assessment of three compact 5G antenna arrays |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and SAR assessment of three compact 5G antenna arrays |
| title_short | Design and SAR assessment of three compact 5G antenna arrays |
| title_sort | design and sar assessment of three compact 5g antenna arrays |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00679-8 |
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