Unveiling Cryptic Species Diversity and Genetic Variation of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> (Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales) Infecting Fruit Crops in Taiwan
The genus <i>Lasiodiplodia</i>, a member of the family Botryosphaeriaceae, is an important fungal disease genus in agriculture. However, the <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> species survey and genetic diversity in Taiwan remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the <i>Lasiod...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/9/950 |
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| author | Ya-Zhu Ko Wasantha Kumara Liyanage Huei-Chuan Shih Min-Nan Tseng Meng-Shin Shiao Yu-Chung Chiang |
| author_facet | Ya-Zhu Ko Wasantha Kumara Liyanage Huei-Chuan Shih Min-Nan Tseng Meng-Shin Shiao Yu-Chung Chiang |
| author_sort | Ya-Zhu Ko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The genus <i>Lasiodiplodia</i>, a member of the family Botryosphaeriaceae, is an important fungal disease genus in agriculture. However, the <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> species survey and genetic diversity in Taiwan remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> species associated with various fruit species to explore the cryptic <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> species diversity, validate species delimitation, and unveil cryptic genetic diversity. Overall, six <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> species were identified, with several new records of infection identified. Additionally, phylogenetic analyses indicated that the relations of all isolates of <i>L. theobromae</i> might be paraphyletic. They were grouped with <i>L. brasiliense</i> based on Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) and structure-based clustering analyses. These analyses did not provide conclusive evidence for <i>L. brasiliensis</i> as a stable species. It may be necessary to gather more information to clarify the species delineation. The multiple new records of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> species with high genetic diversity and differentiation revealed that the diversity of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> in Taiwan was underestimated in the past. We found that <i>L. theobromae</i> has the highest number of haplotypes but the lowest number of haplotype and nucleotide diversities, indicating a recent population expansion. This was supported by the significant negative Tajima’s <i>D</i> and Fu and Li’s <i>D</i>* tests. The high genetic diversity, low gene flow, and host-associated differentiation of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> species indicate that they might harbour powerful evolutionary potential in Taiwan. This study provided critical insights into genetic variation, host-associated differentiation, and demography of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> species, which would be helpful for disease management of related pathogens. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:35:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e25d5003a533430ba9d0c751cc4566242023-11-19T11:29:33ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2023-09-019995010.3390/jof9090950Unveiling Cryptic Species Diversity and Genetic Variation of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> (Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales) Infecting Fruit Crops in TaiwanYa-Zhu Ko0Wasantha Kumara Liyanage1Huei-Chuan Shih2Min-Nan Tseng3Meng-Shin Shiao4Yu-Chung Chiang5Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, TaiwanDepartment of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Kamburupitiya 81100, Sri LankaDepartment of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, TaiwanKaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Pingtung 908, TaiwanResearch Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, ThailandDepartment of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, TaiwanThe genus <i>Lasiodiplodia</i>, a member of the family Botryosphaeriaceae, is an important fungal disease genus in agriculture. However, the <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> species survey and genetic diversity in Taiwan remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> species associated with various fruit species to explore the cryptic <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> species diversity, validate species delimitation, and unveil cryptic genetic diversity. Overall, six <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> species were identified, with several new records of infection identified. Additionally, phylogenetic analyses indicated that the relations of all isolates of <i>L. theobromae</i> might be paraphyletic. They were grouped with <i>L. brasiliense</i> based on Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) and structure-based clustering analyses. These analyses did not provide conclusive evidence for <i>L. brasiliensis</i> as a stable species. It may be necessary to gather more information to clarify the species delineation. The multiple new records of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> species with high genetic diversity and differentiation revealed that the diversity of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> in Taiwan was underestimated in the past. We found that <i>L. theobromae</i> has the highest number of haplotypes but the lowest number of haplotype and nucleotide diversities, indicating a recent population expansion. This was supported by the significant negative Tajima’s <i>D</i> and Fu and Li’s <i>D</i>* tests. The high genetic diversity, low gene flow, and host-associated differentiation of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> species indicate that they might harbour powerful evolutionary potential in Taiwan. This study provided critical insights into genetic variation, host-associated differentiation, and demography of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> species, which would be helpful for disease management of related pathogens.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/9/950<i>Lasiodiplodia</i>phylogenygenetic diversityhost-associated differentiation |
| spellingShingle | Ya-Zhu Ko Wasantha Kumara Liyanage Huei-Chuan Shih Min-Nan Tseng Meng-Shin Shiao Yu-Chung Chiang Unveiling Cryptic Species Diversity and Genetic Variation of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> (Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales) Infecting Fruit Crops in Taiwan Journal of Fungi <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> phylogeny genetic diversity host-associated differentiation |
| title | Unveiling Cryptic Species Diversity and Genetic Variation of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> (Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales) Infecting Fruit Crops in Taiwan |
| title_full | Unveiling Cryptic Species Diversity and Genetic Variation of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> (Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales) Infecting Fruit Crops in Taiwan |
| title_fullStr | Unveiling Cryptic Species Diversity and Genetic Variation of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> (Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales) Infecting Fruit Crops in Taiwan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unveiling Cryptic Species Diversity and Genetic Variation of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> (Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales) Infecting Fruit Crops in Taiwan |
| title_short | Unveiling Cryptic Species Diversity and Genetic Variation of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> (Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales) Infecting Fruit Crops in Taiwan |
| title_sort | unveiling cryptic species diversity and genetic variation of i lasiodiplodia i botryosphaeriaceae botryosphaeriales infecting fruit crops in taiwan |
| topic | <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> phylogeny genetic diversity host-associated differentiation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/9/950 |
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