An Illustration of the Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) Framework on the Passion Scale
While exploratory factor analysis (EFA) provides a more realistic presentation of the data with the allowance of item cross-loadings, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) includes many methodological advances that the former does not. To create a synergy of the two, exploratory structural equation mod...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01968/full |
| _version_ | 1819130184924659712 |
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| author | István Tóth-Király István Tóth-Király Beáta Bõthe Beáta Bõthe Adrien Rigó Gábor Orosz Gábor Orosz |
| author_facet | István Tóth-Király István Tóth-Király Beáta Bõthe Beáta Bõthe Adrien Rigó Gábor Orosz Gábor Orosz |
| author_sort | István Tóth-Király |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | While exploratory factor analysis (EFA) provides a more realistic presentation of the data with the allowance of item cross-loadings, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) includes many methodological advances that the former does not. To create a synergy of the two, exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was proposed as an alternative solution, incorporating the advantages of EFA and CFA. The present investigation is thus an illustrative demonstration of the applicability and flexibility of ESEM. To achieve this goal, we compared CFA and ESEM models, then thoroughly tested measurement invariance and differential item functioning through multiple-indicators-multiple-causes (MIMIC) models on the Passion Scale, the only measure of the Dualistic Model of Passion (DMP) which differentiates between harmonious and obsessive forms of passion. Moreover, a hybrid model was also created to overcome the drawbacks of the two methods. Analyses of the first large community sample (N = 7,466; 67.7% females; Mage = 26.01) revealed the superiority of the ESEM model relative to CFA in terms of improved goodness-of-fit and less correlated factors, while at the same time retaining the high definition of the factors. However, this fit was only achieved with the inclusion of three correlated uniquenesses, two of which appeared in previous studies and one of which was specific to the current investigation. These findings were replicated on a second, comprehensive sample (N = 504; 51.8% females; Mage = 39.59). After combining the two samples, complete measurement invariance (factor loadings, item intercepts, item uniquenesses, factor variances-covariances, and latent means) was achieved across gender and partial invariance across age groups and their combination. Only one item intercept was non-invariant across both multigroup and MIMIC approaches, an observation that was further corroborated by the hybrid model. While obsessive passion showed a slight decline in the hybrid model, harmonious passion did not. Overall, the ESEM framework is a viable alternative of CFA that could be used and even extended to address substantially important questions and researchers should systematically compare these two approaches to identify the most suitable one. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T08:55:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e2692950b555471fbf83bbabf644bbc2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T08:55:35Z |
| publishDate | 2017-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e2692950b555471fbf83bbabf644bbc22022-12-21T18:31:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782017-11-01810.3389/fpsyg.2017.01968302867An Illustration of the Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) Framework on the Passion ScaleIstván Tóth-Király0István Tóth-Király1Beáta Bõthe2Beáta Bõthe3Adrien Rigó4Gábor Orosz5Gábor Orosz6Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Personality and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryDoctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Personality and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryInstitute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Budapest, HungaryWhile exploratory factor analysis (EFA) provides a more realistic presentation of the data with the allowance of item cross-loadings, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) includes many methodological advances that the former does not. To create a synergy of the two, exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was proposed as an alternative solution, incorporating the advantages of EFA and CFA. The present investigation is thus an illustrative demonstration of the applicability and flexibility of ESEM. To achieve this goal, we compared CFA and ESEM models, then thoroughly tested measurement invariance and differential item functioning through multiple-indicators-multiple-causes (MIMIC) models on the Passion Scale, the only measure of the Dualistic Model of Passion (DMP) which differentiates between harmonious and obsessive forms of passion. Moreover, a hybrid model was also created to overcome the drawbacks of the two methods. Analyses of the first large community sample (N = 7,466; 67.7% females; Mage = 26.01) revealed the superiority of the ESEM model relative to CFA in terms of improved goodness-of-fit and less correlated factors, while at the same time retaining the high definition of the factors. However, this fit was only achieved with the inclusion of three correlated uniquenesses, two of which appeared in previous studies and one of which was specific to the current investigation. These findings were replicated on a second, comprehensive sample (N = 504; 51.8% females; Mage = 39.59). After combining the two samples, complete measurement invariance (factor loadings, item intercepts, item uniquenesses, factor variances-covariances, and latent means) was achieved across gender and partial invariance across age groups and their combination. Only one item intercept was non-invariant across both multigroup and MIMIC approaches, an observation that was further corroborated by the hybrid model. While obsessive passion showed a slight decline in the hybrid model, harmonious passion did not. Overall, the ESEM framework is a viable alternative of CFA that could be used and even extended to address substantially important questions and researchers should systematically compare these two approaches to identify the most suitable one.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01968/fulldifferential item functioning (DIF)dualistic model of passion (DMP)exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM)Hungarian versionhybrid modeling approachmeasurement invariance |
| spellingShingle | István Tóth-Király István Tóth-Király Beáta Bõthe Beáta Bõthe Adrien Rigó Gábor Orosz Gábor Orosz An Illustration of the Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) Framework on the Passion Scale Frontiers in Psychology differential item functioning (DIF) dualistic model of passion (DMP) exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) Hungarian version hybrid modeling approach measurement invariance |
| title | An Illustration of the Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) Framework on the Passion Scale |
| title_full | An Illustration of the Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) Framework on the Passion Scale |
| title_fullStr | An Illustration of the Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) Framework on the Passion Scale |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Illustration of the Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) Framework on the Passion Scale |
| title_short | An Illustration of the Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) Framework on the Passion Scale |
| title_sort | illustration of the exploratory structural equation modeling esem framework on the passion scale |
| topic | differential item functioning (DIF) dualistic model of passion (DMP) exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) Hungarian version hybrid modeling approach measurement invariance |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01968/full |
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