Crystal Structure, Chemical Bond, and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ba<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Sr<i><sub>x</sub></i>(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> Solid Solution Ceramics
Ba<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Sr<i><sub>x</sub></i>(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> (BSZN) perovskite ceramics are prepared using the traditional solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/8/3451 |
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| author | Lei Xiao Lianwen Deng Yu Zhang Ping Wu Wenfei Zeng Sen Peng |
| author_facet | Lei Xiao Lianwen Deng Yu Zhang Ping Wu Wenfei Zeng Sen Peng |
| author_sort | Lei Xiao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ba<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Sr<i><sub>x</sub></i>(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> (BSZN) perovskite ceramics are prepared using the traditional solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze the phase composition, crystal structure, and chemical states of BSZN ceramics, respectively. In addition, the dielectric polarizability, octahedral distortion, complex chemical bond theory, and PVL theory were investigated in detail. Systematic research showed that Sr<sup>2+</sup> addition could considerably optimize the microwave dielectric properties of BSZN ceramics. The change in τ<i><sub>f</sub></i> value in the negative direction was attributed to oxygen octahedral distortion and bond energy (<i>E<sub>b</sub></i>), and the optimal value of 1.26 ppm/°C was obtained at <i>x</i> = 0.2. The ionic polarizability and density played a decisive role in the dielectric constant, achieving a maximum of 45.25 for the sample with <i>x</i> = 0.2. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) and lattice energy (U<i><sub>b</sub></i>) jointly contributed to improving the <i>Q</i> × <i>f</i> value, and a higher <i>Q</i> × <i>f</i> value corresponded to a smaller FWHM value and a larger U<i><sub>b</sub></i> value. Finally, excellent microwave dielectric properties (ε<sub>r</sub> = 45.25, <i>Q</i> × <i>f</i> = 72,704 GHz, and τ<i><sub>f</sub></i> = 1.26 ppm/°C) were obtained for Ba<sub>0.8</sub>Sr<sub>0.2</sub>(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> ceramics sintered at 1500 °C for 4 h. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:41:58Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:41:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e2694995ec0f4a75a8a4c812a88d8be12023-11-17T20:39:12ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-04-01288345110.3390/molecules28083451Crystal Structure, Chemical Bond, and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ba<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Sr<i><sub>x</sub></i>(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> Solid Solution CeramicsLei Xiao0Lianwen Deng1Yu Zhang2Ping Wu3Wenfei Zeng4Sen Peng5Provincial Key Laboratory of Informational Service for Rural Area of Southwestern Hunan, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaProvincial Key Laboratory of Informational Service for Rural Area of Southwestern Hunan, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, ChinaProvincial Key Laboratory of Informational Service for Rural Area of Southwestern Hunan, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, ChinaProvincial Key Laboratory of Informational Service for Rural Area of Southwestern Hunan, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, ChinaProvincial Key Laboratory of Informational Service for Rural Area of Southwestern Hunan, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, ChinaBa<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Sr<i><sub>x</sub></i>(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> (BSZN) perovskite ceramics are prepared using the traditional solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze the phase composition, crystal structure, and chemical states of BSZN ceramics, respectively. In addition, the dielectric polarizability, octahedral distortion, complex chemical bond theory, and PVL theory were investigated in detail. Systematic research showed that Sr<sup>2+</sup> addition could considerably optimize the microwave dielectric properties of BSZN ceramics. The change in τ<i><sub>f</sub></i> value in the negative direction was attributed to oxygen octahedral distortion and bond energy (<i>E<sub>b</sub></i>), and the optimal value of 1.26 ppm/°C was obtained at <i>x</i> = 0.2. The ionic polarizability and density played a decisive role in the dielectric constant, achieving a maximum of 45.25 for the sample with <i>x</i> = 0.2. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) and lattice energy (U<i><sub>b</sub></i>) jointly contributed to improving the <i>Q</i> × <i>f</i> value, and a higher <i>Q</i> × <i>f</i> value corresponded to a smaller FWHM value and a larger U<i><sub>b</sub></i> value. Finally, excellent microwave dielectric properties (ε<sub>r</sub> = 45.25, <i>Q</i> × <i>f</i> = 72,704 GHz, and τ<i><sub>f</sub></i> = 1.26 ppm/°C) were obtained for Ba<sub>0.8</sub>Sr<sub>0.2</sub>(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> ceramics sintered at 1500 °C for 4 h.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/8/3451Ba<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Sr<i><sub>x</sub></i>(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>solid solution ceramicsmicrowave dielectric properties |
| spellingShingle | Lei Xiao Lianwen Deng Yu Zhang Ping Wu Wenfei Zeng Sen Peng Crystal Structure, Chemical Bond, and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ba<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Sr<i><sub>x</sub></i>(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> Solid Solution Ceramics Molecules Ba<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Sr<i><sub>x</sub></i>(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> solid solution ceramics microwave dielectric properties |
| title | Crystal Structure, Chemical Bond, and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ba<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Sr<i><sub>x</sub></i>(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> Solid Solution Ceramics |
| title_full | Crystal Structure, Chemical Bond, and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ba<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Sr<i><sub>x</sub></i>(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> Solid Solution Ceramics |
| title_fullStr | Crystal Structure, Chemical Bond, and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ba<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Sr<i><sub>x</sub></i>(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> Solid Solution Ceramics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Crystal Structure, Chemical Bond, and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ba<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Sr<i><sub>x</sub></i>(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> Solid Solution Ceramics |
| title_short | Crystal Structure, Chemical Bond, and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ba<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Sr<i><sub>x</sub></i>(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> Solid Solution Ceramics |
| title_sort | crystal structure chemical bond and microwave dielectric properties of ba sub 1 i x i sub sr i sub x sub i zn sub 1 3 sub nb sub 2 3 sub o sub 3 sub solid solution ceramics |
| topic | Ba<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Sr<i><sub>x</sub></i>(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> solid solution ceramics microwave dielectric properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/8/3451 |
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