Forest Fire Detection Using New Routing Protocol
The Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) has received significant interest from researchers for several applications. In spite of developing and proposing numerous routing protocols for MANET, there are still routing protocols that are too inefficient in terms of sending data and energy consumption, which...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7745 |
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| author | Fahad Taha AL-Dhief Ravie Chandren Muniyandi Naseer Sabri Mosab Hamdan Nurul Mu’azzah Abdul Latiff Musatafa Abbas Abbood Albadr Mutaz Hamed Hussien Khairi Muzaffar Hamzah Suleman Khan |
| author_facet | Fahad Taha AL-Dhief Ravie Chandren Muniyandi Naseer Sabri Mosab Hamdan Nurul Mu’azzah Abdul Latiff Musatafa Abbas Abbood Albadr Mutaz Hamed Hussien Khairi Muzaffar Hamzah Suleman Khan |
| author_sort | Fahad Taha AL-Dhief |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) has received significant interest from researchers for several applications. In spite of developing and proposing numerous routing protocols for MANET, there are still routing protocols that are too inefficient in terms of sending data and energy consumption, which limits the lifetime of the network for forest fire monitoring. Therefore, this paper presents the development of a Location Aided Routing (LAR) protocol in forest fire detection. The new routing protocol is named the LAR-Based Reliable Routing Protocol (LARRR), which is used to detect a forest fire based on three criteria: the route length between nodes, the temperature sensing, and the number of packets within node buffers (i.e., route busyness). The performance of the LARRR protocol is evaluated by using widely known evaluation measurements, which are the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Energy Consumption (EC), End-to-End Delay (E2E Delay), and Routing Overhead (RO). The simulation results show that the proposed LARRR protocol achieves 70% PDR, 403 joules of EC, 2.733 s of E2E delay, and 43.04 RO. In addition, the performance of the proposed LARRR protocol outperforms its competitors and is able to detect forest fires efficiently. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:31:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e26bfe6ea53349d6839b2c7da2c6ad1e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:31:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-e26bfe6ea53349d6839b2c7da2c6ad1e2023-11-24T02:25:04ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-10-012220774510.3390/s22207745Forest Fire Detection Using New Routing ProtocolFahad Taha AL-Dhief0Ravie Chandren Muniyandi1Naseer Sabri2Mosab Hamdan3Nurul Mu’azzah Abdul Latiff4Musatafa Abbas Abbood Albadr5Mutaz Hamed Hussien Khairi6Muzaffar Hamzah7Suleman Khan8Faculty of Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, MalaysiaCenter for Software Technology and Management, University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM Bangi), Bangi 43600, MalaysiaCollege of Technical Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad 14132, IraqFaculty of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, MalaysiaCAIT, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, MalaysiaFaculty of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, MalaysiaSchool of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UKThe Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) has received significant interest from researchers for several applications. In spite of developing and proposing numerous routing protocols for MANET, there are still routing protocols that are too inefficient in terms of sending data and energy consumption, which limits the lifetime of the network for forest fire monitoring. Therefore, this paper presents the development of a Location Aided Routing (LAR) protocol in forest fire detection. The new routing protocol is named the LAR-Based Reliable Routing Protocol (LARRR), which is used to detect a forest fire based on three criteria: the route length between nodes, the temperature sensing, and the number of packets within node buffers (i.e., route busyness). The performance of the LARRR protocol is evaluated by using widely known evaluation measurements, which are the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Energy Consumption (EC), End-to-End Delay (E2E Delay), and Routing Overhead (RO). The simulation results show that the proposed LARRR protocol achieves 70% PDR, 403 joules of EC, 2.733 s of E2E delay, and 43.04 RO. In addition, the performance of the proposed LARRR protocol outperforms its competitors and is able to detect forest fires efficiently.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7745node route busynessforest fire detectionlocation-aided routinglar-based reliable routing protocol |
| spellingShingle | Fahad Taha AL-Dhief Ravie Chandren Muniyandi Naseer Sabri Mosab Hamdan Nurul Mu’azzah Abdul Latiff Musatafa Abbas Abbood Albadr Mutaz Hamed Hussien Khairi Muzaffar Hamzah Suleman Khan Forest Fire Detection Using New Routing Protocol Sensors node route busyness forest fire detection location-aided routing lar-based reliable routing protocol |
| title | Forest Fire Detection Using New Routing Protocol |
| title_full | Forest Fire Detection Using New Routing Protocol |
| title_fullStr | Forest Fire Detection Using New Routing Protocol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Forest Fire Detection Using New Routing Protocol |
| title_short | Forest Fire Detection Using New Routing Protocol |
| title_sort | forest fire detection using new routing protocol |
| topic | node route busyness forest fire detection location-aided routing lar-based reliable routing protocol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7745 |
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