Differential Expression of Stress Adaptation Genes in a Diatom <i>Ulnaria acus</i> under Different Culture Conditions
Diatoms are a group of unicellular eukaryotes that are essential primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. The dynamic nature of their habitat necessitates a quick and specific response to various stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms of their physiological adaptations are still underexplored....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/4/2314 |
| _version_ | 1797297973419311104 |
|---|---|
| author | Elvira Bayramova Darya Petrova Artyom Marchenkov Alexey Morozov Yuri Galachyants Yulia Zakharova Yekaterina Bedoshvili Yelena Likhoshway |
| author_facet | Elvira Bayramova Darya Petrova Artyom Marchenkov Alexey Morozov Yuri Galachyants Yulia Zakharova Yekaterina Bedoshvili Yelena Likhoshway |
| author_sort | Elvira Bayramova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diatoms are a group of unicellular eukaryotes that are essential primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. The dynamic nature of their habitat necessitates a quick and specific response to various stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms of their physiological adaptations are still underexplored. In this work, we study the response of the cosmopolitan freshwater diatom <i>Ulnaria acus</i> (Bacillariophyceae, Fragilariophycidae, Licmophorales, Ulnariaceae, <i>Ulnaria</i>) in relation to a range of stress factors, namely silica deficiency, prolonged cultivation, and interaction with an algicidal bacterium. Fluorescent staining and light microscopy were used to determine the physiological state of cells under these stresses. To explore molecular reactions, we studied the genes involved in the stress response—type III metacaspase (MC), metacaspase-like proteases (MCP), death-specific protein (DSP), delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (ALDH12), and glutathione synthetase (GSHS). We have described the structure of these genes, analyzed the predicted amino acid sequences, and measured their expression dynamics in vitro using qRT-PCR. We demonstrated that the expression of UaMC1, UaMC3, and UaDSP increased during the first five days of silicon starvation. On the seventh day, it was replaced with the expression of UaMC2, UaGSHS, and UaALDH. After 45 days of culture, cells stopped growing, and the expression of UaMC1, UaMC2, UaGSHS, and UaDSP increased. Exposure to an algicidal bacterial filtrate induced a higher expression of UaMC1 and UaGSHS. Thus, we can conclude that these proteins are involved in diatoms’ adaptions to environmental changes. Further, these data show that the molecular adaptation mechanisms in diatoms depend on the nature and exposure duration of a stress factor. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:29:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e26cfa3098364448bc72b20f1a8c0f2d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:29:09Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-e26cfa3098364448bc72b20f1a8c0f2d2024-02-23T15:20:33ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-02-01254231410.3390/ijms25042314Differential Expression of Stress Adaptation Genes in a Diatom <i>Ulnaria acus</i> under Different Culture ConditionsElvira Bayramova0Darya Petrova1Artyom Marchenkov2Alexey Morozov3Yuri Galachyants4Yulia Zakharova5Yekaterina Bedoshvili6Yelena Likhoshway7Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, RussiaLimnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, RussiaLimnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, RussiaLimnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, RussiaLimnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, RussiaLimnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, RussiaLimnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, RussiaLimnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, RussiaDiatoms are a group of unicellular eukaryotes that are essential primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. The dynamic nature of their habitat necessitates a quick and specific response to various stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms of their physiological adaptations are still underexplored. In this work, we study the response of the cosmopolitan freshwater diatom <i>Ulnaria acus</i> (Bacillariophyceae, Fragilariophycidae, Licmophorales, Ulnariaceae, <i>Ulnaria</i>) in relation to a range of stress factors, namely silica deficiency, prolonged cultivation, and interaction with an algicidal bacterium. Fluorescent staining and light microscopy were used to determine the physiological state of cells under these stresses. To explore molecular reactions, we studied the genes involved in the stress response—type III metacaspase (MC), metacaspase-like proteases (MCP), death-specific protein (DSP), delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (ALDH12), and glutathione synthetase (GSHS). We have described the structure of these genes, analyzed the predicted amino acid sequences, and measured their expression dynamics in vitro using qRT-PCR. We demonstrated that the expression of UaMC1, UaMC3, and UaDSP increased during the first five days of silicon starvation. On the seventh day, it was replaced with the expression of UaMC2, UaGSHS, and UaALDH. After 45 days of culture, cells stopped growing, and the expression of UaMC1, UaMC2, UaGSHS, and UaDSP increased. Exposure to an algicidal bacterial filtrate induced a higher expression of UaMC1 and UaGSHS. Thus, we can conclude that these proteins are involved in diatoms’ adaptions to environmental changes. Further, these data show that the molecular adaptation mechanisms in diatoms depend on the nature and exposure duration of a stress factor.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/4/2314diatomsmetacaspasesdeath-specific proteindelta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenaseglutathione synthetasesgenome |
| spellingShingle | Elvira Bayramova Darya Petrova Artyom Marchenkov Alexey Morozov Yuri Galachyants Yulia Zakharova Yekaterina Bedoshvili Yelena Likhoshway Differential Expression of Stress Adaptation Genes in a Diatom <i>Ulnaria acus</i> under Different Culture Conditions International Journal of Molecular Sciences diatoms metacaspases death-specific protein delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase glutathione synthetases genome |
| title | Differential Expression of Stress Adaptation Genes in a Diatom <i>Ulnaria acus</i> under Different Culture Conditions |
| title_full | Differential Expression of Stress Adaptation Genes in a Diatom <i>Ulnaria acus</i> under Different Culture Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Differential Expression of Stress Adaptation Genes in a Diatom <i>Ulnaria acus</i> under Different Culture Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential Expression of Stress Adaptation Genes in a Diatom <i>Ulnaria acus</i> under Different Culture Conditions |
| title_short | Differential Expression of Stress Adaptation Genes in a Diatom <i>Ulnaria acus</i> under Different Culture Conditions |
| title_sort | differential expression of stress adaptation genes in a diatom i ulnaria acus i under different culture conditions |
| topic | diatoms metacaspases death-specific protein delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase glutathione synthetases genome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/4/2314 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elvirabayramova differentialexpressionofstressadaptationgenesinadiatomiulnariaacusiunderdifferentcultureconditions AT daryapetrova differentialexpressionofstressadaptationgenesinadiatomiulnariaacusiunderdifferentcultureconditions AT artyommarchenkov differentialexpressionofstressadaptationgenesinadiatomiulnariaacusiunderdifferentcultureconditions AT alexeymorozov differentialexpressionofstressadaptationgenesinadiatomiulnariaacusiunderdifferentcultureconditions AT yurigalachyants differentialexpressionofstressadaptationgenesinadiatomiulnariaacusiunderdifferentcultureconditions AT yuliazakharova differentialexpressionofstressadaptationgenesinadiatomiulnariaacusiunderdifferentcultureconditions AT yekaterinabedoshvili differentialexpressionofstressadaptationgenesinadiatomiulnariaacusiunderdifferentcultureconditions AT yelenalikhoshway differentialexpressionofstressadaptationgenesinadiatomiulnariaacusiunderdifferentcultureconditions |