Approaching K-Means for Multiantenna UAV Positioning in Combination With a Max-SIC-Min-Rate Framework to Enable Aerial IoT Networks
In long-range wireless communication networks, the fading channels described in channel state information are strongly related to distance and the path loss exponent and represent a major challenge in delivering the performance required to support emerging applications. Conveniently, multiple antenn...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2022-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9934905/ |
| _version_ | 1797985068742868992 |
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| author | Thanh-Nam Tran Thanh-Long Nguyen Miroslav Voznak |
| author_facet | Thanh-Nam Tran Thanh-Long Nguyen Miroslav Voznak |
| author_sort | Thanh-Nam Tran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In long-range wireless communication networks, the fading channels described in channel state information are strongly related to distance and the path loss exponent and represent a major challenge in delivering the performance required to support emerging applications. Conveniently, multiple antennas and cooperative relays are efficient solutions that can combat fading channels, thereby improving networking capacity and transmission reliability. This study investigated the use of multi-antenna unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)s as aerial Internet of Things (IoT) relays and employed their direct line-of-sight benefits to assist IoT wireless networks. To improve the outage probability, system throughput, and energy efficiency (EE), we first considered a combination of transmit antenna selection at the transmitter and the selection combining technique at the receiver to determine the best channel from the pre-coding channel matrix. Using a practical model in a three-dimensional earth environment in combination with the K-means algorithm, we then investigated optimal UAV placement to obtain optimal channel state information for the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) -IoT device cluster globally, thereby ensuring the quality of service for the IoT devices. We introduced a max-successive interference cancellation-min-rate framework for non-ordered NOMA devices, thus deriving theoretical expressions in novel closed forms for two independent scenarios: (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) Rayleigh and (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ii$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) Nakagami-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fading channels. By optimizing the UAV placement, the investigated results applied to the UAV scheme delivered better performance in a NOMA-IoT network than in a terrestrial relay (TR) scheme. Finally, the study examines a variety of models and presents algorithms for Monte Carlo simulations to verify the theoretical results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T07:11:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e26df2d2792f4ce0b5b5ced0ea1154dc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T07:11:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-e26df2d2792f4ce0b5b5ced0ea1154dc2022-12-22T04:38:10ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362022-01-011011515711517810.1109/ACCESS.2022.32187999934905Approaching K-Means for Multiantenna UAV Positioning in Combination With a Max-SIC-Min-Rate Framework to Enable Aerial IoT NetworksThanh-Nam Tran0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7065-7951Thanh-Long Nguyen1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0092-058XMiroslav Voznak2Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamFaculty of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech RepublicIn long-range wireless communication networks, the fading channels described in channel state information are strongly related to distance and the path loss exponent and represent a major challenge in delivering the performance required to support emerging applications. Conveniently, multiple antennas and cooperative relays are efficient solutions that can combat fading channels, thereby improving networking capacity and transmission reliability. This study investigated the use of multi-antenna unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)s as aerial Internet of Things (IoT) relays and employed their direct line-of-sight benefits to assist IoT wireless networks. To improve the outage probability, system throughput, and energy efficiency (EE), we first considered a combination of transmit antenna selection at the transmitter and the selection combining technique at the receiver to determine the best channel from the pre-coding channel matrix. Using a practical model in a three-dimensional earth environment in combination with the K-means algorithm, we then investigated optimal UAV placement to obtain optimal channel state information for the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) -IoT device cluster globally, thereby ensuring the quality of service for the IoT devices. We introduced a max-successive interference cancellation-min-rate framework for non-ordered NOMA devices, thus deriving theoretical expressions in novel closed forms for two independent scenarios: (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) Rayleigh and (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ii$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) Nakagami-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fading channels. By optimizing the UAV placement, the investigated results applied to the UAV scheme delivered better performance in a NOMA-IoT network than in a terrestrial relay (TR) scheme. Finally, the study examines a variety of models and presents algorithms for Monte Carlo simulations to verify the theoretical results.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9934905/IoT wireless networksmulti-input-multi-output (MIMO)non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)transmit antenna selection and selection combining (TAS/SC)max-SIC-min-rate frameworkUAV placement optimization |
| spellingShingle | Thanh-Nam Tran Thanh-Long Nguyen Miroslav Voznak Approaching K-Means for Multiantenna UAV Positioning in Combination With a Max-SIC-Min-Rate Framework to Enable Aerial IoT Networks IEEE Access IoT wireless networks multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) transmit antenna selection and selection combining (TAS/SC) max-SIC-min-rate framework UAV placement optimization |
| title | Approaching K-Means for Multiantenna UAV Positioning in Combination With a Max-SIC-Min-Rate Framework to Enable Aerial IoT Networks |
| title_full | Approaching K-Means for Multiantenna UAV Positioning in Combination With a Max-SIC-Min-Rate Framework to Enable Aerial IoT Networks |
| title_fullStr | Approaching K-Means for Multiantenna UAV Positioning in Combination With a Max-SIC-Min-Rate Framework to Enable Aerial IoT Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Approaching K-Means for Multiantenna UAV Positioning in Combination With a Max-SIC-Min-Rate Framework to Enable Aerial IoT Networks |
| title_short | Approaching K-Means for Multiantenna UAV Positioning in Combination With a Max-SIC-Min-Rate Framework to Enable Aerial IoT Networks |
| title_sort | approaching k means for multiantenna uav positioning in combination with a max sic min rate framework to enable aerial iot networks |
| topic | IoT wireless networks multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) transmit antenna selection and selection combining (TAS/SC) max-SIC-min-rate framework UAV placement optimization |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9934905/ |
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