A JWST Survey of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A
We present initial results from a James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) survey of the youngest Galactic core-collapse supernova remnant, Cassiopeia A (Cas A), made up of NIRCam and MIRI imaging mosaics that map emission from the main shell, interior, and surrounding circumstellar/interstellar material (...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad324b |
| _version_ | 1797205672106917888 |
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| author | Dan Milisavljevic Tea Temim Ilse De Looze Danielle Dickinson J. Martin Laming Robert Fesen John C. Raymond Richard G. Arendt Jacco Vink Bettina Posselt George G. Pavlov Ori D. Fox Ethan Pinarski Bhagya Subrayan Judy Schmidt William P. Blair Armin Rest Daniel Patnaude Bon-Chul Koo Jeonghee Rho Salvatore Orlando Hans-Thomas Janka Moira Andrews Michael J. Barlow Adam Burrows Roger Chevalier Geoffrey Clayton Claes Fransson Christopher Fryer Haley L. Gomez Florian Kirchschlager Jae-Joon Lee Mikako Matsuura Maria Niculescu-Duvaz Justin D. R. Pierel Paul P. Plucinsky Felix D. Priestley Aravind P. Ravi Nina S. Sartorio Franziska Schmidt Melissa Shahbandeh Patrick Slane Nathan Smith Niharika Sravan Kathryn Weil Roger Wesson J. Craig Wheeler |
| author_facet | Dan Milisavljevic Tea Temim Ilse De Looze Danielle Dickinson J. Martin Laming Robert Fesen John C. Raymond Richard G. Arendt Jacco Vink Bettina Posselt George G. Pavlov Ori D. Fox Ethan Pinarski Bhagya Subrayan Judy Schmidt William P. Blair Armin Rest Daniel Patnaude Bon-Chul Koo Jeonghee Rho Salvatore Orlando Hans-Thomas Janka Moira Andrews Michael J. Barlow Adam Burrows Roger Chevalier Geoffrey Clayton Claes Fransson Christopher Fryer Haley L. Gomez Florian Kirchschlager Jae-Joon Lee Mikako Matsuura Maria Niculescu-Duvaz Justin D. R. Pierel Paul P. Plucinsky Felix D. Priestley Aravind P. Ravi Nina S. Sartorio Franziska Schmidt Melissa Shahbandeh Patrick Slane Nathan Smith Niharika Sravan Kathryn Weil Roger Wesson J. Craig Wheeler |
| author_sort | Dan Milisavljevic |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present initial results from a James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) survey of the youngest Galactic core-collapse supernova remnant, Cassiopeia A (Cas A), made up of NIRCam and MIRI imaging mosaics that map emission from the main shell, interior, and surrounding circumstellar/interstellar material (CSM/ISM). We also present four exploratory positions of MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrograph integral field unit spectroscopy that sample ejecta, CSM, and associated dust from representative shocked and unshocked regions. Surprising discoveries include (1) a weblike network of unshocked ejecta filaments resolved to ∼0.01 pc scales exhibiting an overall morphology consistent with turbulent mixing of cool, low-entropy matter from the progenitor’s oxygen layer with hot, high-entropy matter heated by neutrino interactions and radioactivity; (2) a thick sheet of dust-dominated emission from shocked CSM seen in projection toward the remnant’s interior pockmarked with small (∼1″) round holes formed by ≲0.″1 knots of high-velocity ejecta that have pierced through the CSM and driven expanding tangential shocks; and (3) dozens of light echoes with angular sizes between ∼0.″1 and 1′ reflecting previously unseen fine-scale structure in the ISM. NIRCam observations place new upper limits on infrared emission (≲20 nJy at 3 μ m) from the neutron star in Cas A’s center and tightly constrain scenarios involving a possible fallback disk. These JWST survey data and initial findings help address unresolved questions about massive star explosions that have broad implications for the formation and evolution of stellar populations, the metal and dust enrichment of galaxies, and the origin of compact remnant objects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T08:54:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e2737691eb9b4fc79f78fcc284ecfa83 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T08:54:50Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-e2737691eb9b4fc79f78fcc284ecfa832024-04-16T08:37:11ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052024-01-019652L2710.3847/2041-8213/ad324bA JWST Survey of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia ADan Milisavljevic0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0763-3885Tea Temim1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7380-3144Ilse De Looze2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-6355Danielle Dickinson3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0913-4120J. Martin Laming4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3362-7040Robert Fesen5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3829-2056John C. Raymond6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-1622Richard G. Arendt7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-8548Jacco Vink8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4708-4219Bettina Posselt9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2317-9747George G. Pavlov10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7481-5259Ori D. Fox11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-1572Ethan Pinarski12https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5244-3700Bhagya Subrayan13https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8073-8731Judy Schmidt14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2617-5517William P. Blair15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2379-6518Armin Rest16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4410-5387Daniel Patnaude17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7507-8115Bon-Chul Koo18https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2755-1879Jeonghee Rho19https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-839XSalvatore Orlando20https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2836-540XHans-Thomas Janka21https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0831-3330Moira Andrews22Michael J. Barlow23https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3875-1171Adam Burrows24https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3099-5024Roger Chevalier25https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9117-7244Geoffrey Clayton26https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0141-7436Claes Fransson27https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-3594Christopher Fryer28https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2624-0056Haley L. Gomez29https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3398-0052Florian Kirchschlager30https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-0184Jae-Joon Lee31https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-7824Mikako Matsuura32https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5529-5593Maria Niculescu-Duvaz33Justin D. R. Pierel34https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2361-7201Paul P. Plucinsky35Felix D. Priestley36https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5858-6265Aravind P. Ravi37https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7352-7845Nina S. Sartorio38https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2138-5192Franziska Schmidt39Melissa Shahbandeh40https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9301-5302Patrick Slane41https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6986-6756Nathan Smith42https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5510-2424Niharika Sravan43Kathryn Weil44https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-0831Roger Wesson45https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4000-4394J. Craig Wheeler46https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1349-6538Purdue University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Integrative Data Science Initiative, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAPrinceton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USASterrenkundig Observatorium, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281—S9, B-9000 Gent, BelgiumPurdue University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USASpace Science Division , Code 7684, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA6127 Wilder Lab, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College , Hanover, NH 03755, USACenter for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; Code 665, NASA/GSFC , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAAnton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy & GRAPPA, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , Niels Bohrweg 4, 2333 CA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK; Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University , 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University , 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAPurdue University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAPurdue University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAAstrophysics Source Code Library, Michigan Technological University , 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USAThe William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; The William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USACenter for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University , Seoul 08861, Republic of KoreaSETI Institute , 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University , Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, South Seoul, 08826, Republic of KoreaINAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo , Piazza del Parlamento 1, 90134 Palermo, ItalyMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, GermanyPurdue University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UKPrinceton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Virginia , P.O. Box 400325, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USADepartment of Astronomy, Stockholm University , The Oskar Klein Centre, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenCenter for Theoretical Astrophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Department of Astronomy, The University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Physics, The George Washington University , Washington, DC 20052, USACardiff Hub for Astrophysical Research and Technology (CHART), School of Physics & Astronomy, Cardiff University , The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UKSterrenkundig Observatorium, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281—S9, B-9000 Gent, BelgiumKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 305-348, Republic of KoreaCardiff Hub for Astrophysical Research and Technology (CHART), School of Physics & Astronomy, Cardiff University , The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UKDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UKSpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USACenter for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACardiff Hub for Astrophysical Research and Technology (CHART), School of Physics & Astronomy, Cardiff University , The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UKDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USASterrenkundig Observatorium, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281—S9, B-9000 Gent, BelgiumDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UKSpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USACenter for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Physics, Drexel University , Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAPurdue University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USACardiff Hub for Astrophysical Research and Technology (CHART), School of Physics & Astronomy, Cardiff University , The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UKDepartment of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USAWe present initial results from a James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) survey of the youngest Galactic core-collapse supernova remnant, Cassiopeia A (Cas A), made up of NIRCam and MIRI imaging mosaics that map emission from the main shell, interior, and surrounding circumstellar/interstellar material (CSM/ISM). We also present four exploratory positions of MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrograph integral field unit spectroscopy that sample ejecta, CSM, and associated dust from representative shocked and unshocked regions. Surprising discoveries include (1) a weblike network of unshocked ejecta filaments resolved to ∼0.01 pc scales exhibiting an overall morphology consistent with turbulent mixing of cool, low-entropy matter from the progenitor’s oxygen layer with hot, high-entropy matter heated by neutrino interactions and radioactivity; (2) a thick sheet of dust-dominated emission from shocked CSM seen in projection toward the remnant’s interior pockmarked with small (∼1″) round holes formed by ≲0.″1 knots of high-velocity ejecta that have pierced through the CSM and driven expanding tangential shocks; and (3) dozens of light echoes with angular sizes between ∼0.″1 and 1′ reflecting previously unseen fine-scale structure in the ISM. NIRCam observations place new upper limits on infrared emission (≲20 nJy at 3 μ m) from the neutron star in Cas A’s center and tightly constrain scenarios involving a possible fallback disk. These JWST survey data and initial findings help address unresolved questions about massive star explosions that have broad implications for the formation and evolution of stellar populations, the metal and dust enrichment of galaxies, and the origin of compact remnant objects.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad324bCore-collapse supernovaeSupernova remnantsNeutron stars |
| spellingShingle | Dan Milisavljevic Tea Temim Ilse De Looze Danielle Dickinson J. Martin Laming Robert Fesen John C. Raymond Richard G. Arendt Jacco Vink Bettina Posselt George G. Pavlov Ori D. Fox Ethan Pinarski Bhagya Subrayan Judy Schmidt William P. Blair Armin Rest Daniel Patnaude Bon-Chul Koo Jeonghee Rho Salvatore Orlando Hans-Thomas Janka Moira Andrews Michael J. Barlow Adam Burrows Roger Chevalier Geoffrey Clayton Claes Fransson Christopher Fryer Haley L. Gomez Florian Kirchschlager Jae-Joon Lee Mikako Matsuura Maria Niculescu-Duvaz Justin D. R. Pierel Paul P. Plucinsky Felix D. Priestley Aravind P. Ravi Nina S. Sartorio Franziska Schmidt Melissa Shahbandeh Patrick Slane Nathan Smith Niharika Sravan Kathryn Weil Roger Wesson J. Craig Wheeler A JWST Survey of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A The Astrophysical Journal Letters Core-collapse supernovae Supernova remnants Neutron stars |
| title | A JWST Survey of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A |
| title_full | A JWST Survey of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A |
| title_fullStr | A JWST Survey of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A |
| title_full_unstemmed | A JWST Survey of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A |
| title_short | A JWST Survey of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A |
| title_sort | jwst survey of the supernova remnant cassiopeia a |
| topic | Core-collapse supernovae Supernova remnants Neutron stars |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad324b |
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