From synthesis to biological impact of palladium bis(benzimidazol-2-ylidene) complexes: Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial and scavenging activity
Palladium-based complexes with the ligand N-heterocyclic carbene have long received attention as active catalysts for many catalytic reactions. Recently, the biological activities of these air- and moisture-stable complexes have also been investigated. In our work, bis(benzimidazol-2-ylidene)palladi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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De Gruyter
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Main Group Metal Chemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/mgmc-2023-0007 |
| _version_ | 1797435690212917248 |
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| author | Amri Nasser Mukhrish Yousef E. Özdemir Ismail Gürbüz Nevin Arfaoui Youssef Mansour Lamjed Gatri Rafik Beji Lotfi Hamdi Naceur |
| author_facet | Amri Nasser Mukhrish Yousef E. Özdemir Ismail Gürbüz Nevin Arfaoui Youssef Mansour Lamjed Gatri Rafik Beji Lotfi Hamdi Naceur |
| author_sort | Amri Nasser |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Palladium-based complexes with the ligand N-heterocyclic carbene have long received attention as active catalysts for many catalytic reactions. Recently, the biological activities of these air- and moisture-stable complexes have also been investigated. In our work, bis(benzimidazol-2-ylidene)palladium complexes 3a–d were synthesized by reacting benzimidazolium salts 2a–d with PdCl2 under reflux in tetrahydrofuran for 24 h and analyzed by spectroscopy (FT-IR [Fourier transform infrared], 1H NMR [proton nuclear magnetic resonance]) characterization, 13C NMR [carbon-13 (C13) nuclear magnetic resonance]), and elemental analysis. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of these complexes were studied against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, and two different fungi showed their remarkable biological potential. In addition, the analysis of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals using spectrophotometry showed that they are an antioxidant. The potent antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the synthetic complexes suggest that they are more effective antibacterial agents. Our study extends the biological relevance of palladium bis(benzimidazol-2-ylidene) complexes with antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, the main goal of the docking simulation is to provide a detailed analysis of the interaction between the complex and the protein of interest. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:51:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e279bd873d0848d7ae391f474c4f9862 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2191-0219 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:51:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Main Group Metal Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-e279bd873d0848d7ae391f474c4f98622023-12-01T07:18:47ZengDe GruyterMain Group Metal Chemistry2191-02192023-11-014613277329310.1515/mgmc-2023-0007From synthesis to biological impact of palladium bis(benzimidazol-2-ylidene) complexes: Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial and scavenging activityAmri Nasser0Mukhrish Yousef E.1Özdemir Ismail2Gürbüz Nevin3Arfaoui Youssef4Mansour Lamjed5Gatri Rafik6Beji Lotfi7Hamdi Naceur8Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2097, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2097, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaCatalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, 44280Malatya, TurkeyCatalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, 44280Malatya, TurkeyLaboratory of Characterizations, Applications and Modeling of Materials (LR18ES08), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis2092, TunisiaZoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaLaboratoire de Synthèse Organique Sélective et Hétérocyclique Évaluation Biologique LR17ES01 Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis Campus Universitaire 1092 Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1092 Tunis, TunisiaDepartment of Physics, College of Sciences and Arts at Arras, Qassim University, Arras, Saudi ArabiaResearch Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, TunisiaPalladium-based complexes with the ligand N-heterocyclic carbene have long received attention as active catalysts for many catalytic reactions. Recently, the biological activities of these air- and moisture-stable complexes have also been investigated. In our work, bis(benzimidazol-2-ylidene)palladium complexes 3a–d were synthesized by reacting benzimidazolium salts 2a–d with PdCl2 under reflux in tetrahydrofuran for 24 h and analyzed by spectroscopy (FT-IR [Fourier transform infrared], 1H NMR [proton nuclear magnetic resonance]) characterization, 13C NMR [carbon-13 (C13) nuclear magnetic resonance]), and elemental analysis. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of these complexes were studied against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, and two different fungi showed their remarkable biological potential. In addition, the analysis of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals using spectrophotometry showed that they are an antioxidant. The potent antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the synthetic complexes suggest that they are more effective antibacterial agents. Our study extends the biological relevance of palladium bis(benzimidazol-2-ylidene) complexes with antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, the main goal of the docking simulation is to provide a detailed analysis of the interaction between the complex and the protein of interest.https://doi.org/10.1515/mgmc-2023-0007antimicrobial activityantioxidant activitybenzimidazolium salts2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyln-heterocyclic carbene, palladium |
| spellingShingle | Amri Nasser Mukhrish Yousef E. Özdemir Ismail Gürbüz Nevin Arfaoui Youssef Mansour Lamjed Gatri Rafik Beji Lotfi Hamdi Naceur From synthesis to biological impact of palladium bis(benzimidazol-2-ylidene) complexes: Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial and scavenging activity Main Group Metal Chemistry antimicrobial activity antioxidant activity benzimidazolium salts 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl n-heterocyclic carbene, palladium |
| title | From synthesis to biological impact of palladium bis(benzimidazol-2-ylidene) complexes: Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial and scavenging activity |
| title_full | From synthesis to biological impact of palladium bis(benzimidazol-2-ylidene) complexes: Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial and scavenging activity |
| title_fullStr | From synthesis to biological impact of palladium bis(benzimidazol-2-ylidene) complexes: Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial and scavenging activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | From synthesis to biological impact of palladium bis(benzimidazol-2-ylidene) complexes: Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial and scavenging activity |
| title_short | From synthesis to biological impact of palladium bis(benzimidazol-2-ylidene) complexes: Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial and scavenging activity |
| title_sort | from synthesis to biological impact of palladium bis benzimidazol 2 ylidene complexes preparation characterization and antimicrobial and scavenging activity |
| topic | antimicrobial activity antioxidant activity benzimidazolium salts 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl n-heterocyclic carbene, palladium |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/mgmc-2023-0007 |
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