Carriage of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Fecal Colonization of Dogs from a Pet Clinic in Lower Saxony, Germany
Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> are an emerging problem in veterinary and human medicine. Our study concentrated on the estimation of the prevalence and factors associated with the carriage of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in dogs who...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/4/584 |
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| author | Marco Werhahn Beining Maria Hartmann Antina Luebke-Becker Sebastian Guenther Katharina Schaufler Katja Hille Lothar Kreienbrock |
| author_facet | Marco Werhahn Beining Maria Hartmann Antina Luebke-Becker Sebastian Guenther Katharina Schaufler Katja Hille Lothar Kreienbrock |
| author_sort | Marco Werhahn Beining |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> are an emerging problem in veterinary and human medicine. Our study concentrated on the estimation of the prevalence and factors associated with the carriage of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in dogs who visited a veterinary clinic in northern Germany in 2017. For this reason, 1000 patients (healthy and sick dogs) were tested, resulting in 1000 samples originating from rectal swabs. Additional data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire that was completed by the dog owner. Factors associated with ESBL carriage were considered for further modeling if <i>p</i> < 0.05 using a two-sided Fisher test. Using a backward elimination procedure, the variables for the final multivariable logistic regression model were identified. In total, 8.9% of the dogs tested were positive for carriage of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i>. Seven factors were associated with the colonization of dogs with ESBL-<i>E. coli</i> within the multivariable model, namely husbandry system (<i>p</i> = 0.0019, OR = 3.00; 95% CI: 1.50–6.00), contact with puppies (<i>p</i> = 0.0044, OR = 2.43; 95% CI: 1.32–4.46), feeding of raw meat (<i>p</i> = 0.011, OR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.21–4.31), food residues (<i>p</i> = 0.0151, OR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.18–4.53) and food supplements (<i>p</i> = 0.0487, OR = 0.426; 95% CI: 0.18–0.96), and antibiotic treatments of dogs (<i>p</i> = 0.0005, OR = 3.030; 95% CI: 1.62–5.68) or owners (<i>p</i> = 0.041, OR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.04–7.19) prior to the study. These factors refer to the animals themselves as well as to the owners and their habits or medical treatments. Although the causality and direction of transmission from owners to their dogs cannot be proven, the factor of antibiotic treatment of the owner is clearly associated with the dog’s status. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:16:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e27a34013a2c47f589599e51c62ee143 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:16:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e27a34013a2c47f589599e51c62ee1432023-11-16T18:38:38ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-02-0113458410.3390/ani13040584Carriage of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Fecal Colonization of Dogs from a Pet Clinic in Lower Saxony, GermanyMarco Werhahn Beining0Maria Hartmann1Antina Luebke-Becker2Sebastian Guenther3Katharina Schaufler4Katja Hille5Lothar Kreienbrock6Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO-Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 27367 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO-Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 27367 Hannover, GermanyCentre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, GermanyPharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, GermanyPharmaceutical Microbiology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, GermanyDepartment of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO-Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 27367 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO-Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 27367 Hannover, GermanyExtended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> are an emerging problem in veterinary and human medicine. Our study concentrated on the estimation of the prevalence and factors associated with the carriage of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in dogs who visited a veterinary clinic in northern Germany in 2017. For this reason, 1000 patients (healthy and sick dogs) were tested, resulting in 1000 samples originating from rectal swabs. Additional data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire that was completed by the dog owner. Factors associated with ESBL carriage were considered for further modeling if <i>p</i> < 0.05 using a two-sided Fisher test. Using a backward elimination procedure, the variables for the final multivariable logistic regression model were identified. In total, 8.9% of the dogs tested were positive for carriage of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i>. Seven factors were associated with the colonization of dogs with ESBL-<i>E. coli</i> within the multivariable model, namely husbandry system (<i>p</i> = 0.0019, OR = 3.00; 95% CI: 1.50–6.00), contact with puppies (<i>p</i> = 0.0044, OR = 2.43; 95% CI: 1.32–4.46), feeding of raw meat (<i>p</i> = 0.011, OR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.21–4.31), food residues (<i>p</i> = 0.0151, OR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.18–4.53) and food supplements (<i>p</i> = 0.0487, OR = 0.426; 95% CI: 0.18–0.96), and antibiotic treatments of dogs (<i>p</i> = 0.0005, OR = 3.030; 95% CI: 1.62–5.68) or owners (<i>p</i> = 0.041, OR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.04–7.19) prior to the study. These factors refer to the animals themselves as well as to the owners and their habits or medical treatments. Although the causality and direction of transmission from owners to their dogs cannot be proven, the factor of antibiotic treatment of the owner is clearly associated with the dog’s status.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/4/584antibiotic resistancerisk factorsepidemiological studyraw foodnutritionBARF |
| spellingShingle | Marco Werhahn Beining Maria Hartmann Antina Luebke-Becker Sebastian Guenther Katharina Schaufler Katja Hille Lothar Kreienbrock Carriage of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Fecal Colonization of Dogs from a Pet Clinic in Lower Saxony, Germany Animals antibiotic resistance risk factors epidemiological study raw food nutrition BARF |
| title | Carriage of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Fecal Colonization of Dogs from a Pet Clinic in Lower Saxony, Germany |
| title_full | Carriage of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Fecal Colonization of Dogs from a Pet Clinic in Lower Saxony, Germany |
| title_fullStr | Carriage of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Fecal Colonization of Dogs from a Pet Clinic in Lower Saxony, Germany |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carriage of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Fecal Colonization of Dogs from a Pet Clinic in Lower Saxony, Germany |
| title_short | Carriage of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Fecal Colonization of Dogs from a Pet Clinic in Lower Saxony, Germany |
| title_sort | carriage of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing i escherichia coli i prevalence and factors associated with fecal colonization of dogs from a pet clinic in lower saxony germany |
| topic | antibiotic resistance risk factors epidemiological study raw food nutrition BARF |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/4/584 |
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