Catastrophic glacial multi-phase mass movements: a special type of glacial hazard
Many glacier-related hazards are well typified and studied, but some events stand out from conventional classifications. The Kolka-Karmadon catastrophic event on 20 September 2002 in North Ossetia, North Caucasus, Russia is used as an example of a complex glacier failure exhibiting characteristics s...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2008-04-01
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| Series: | Advances in Geosciences |
| Online Access: | http://www.adv-geosci.net/14/211/2008/adgeo-14-211-2008.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818832154801471488 |
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| author | D. A. Petrakov S. S. Chernomorets S. G. Evans O. V. Tutubalina |
| author_facet | D. A. Petrakov S. S. Chernomorets S. G. Evans O. V. Tutubalina |
| author_sort | D. A. Petrakov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many glacier-related hazards are well typified and studied, but some events stand out from conventional classifications. The Kolka-Karmadon catastrophic event on 20 September 2002 in North Ossetia, North Caucasus, Russia is used as an example of a complex glacier failure exhibiting characteristics such as high mobility, long runout, ultrarapid movement and multiphase behaviour. We consider terminology protocol for glacier hazard classification and then, using the Kolka-Karmadon event and several other examples from around the world, we propose a new term for this family of events. Catastrophic glacier multi-phase mass movement (CGMM) is described and further illustrated by eight major events from Russia, Georgia, Peru, Chile, and Canada. CGMM have a combination of specific features: extraordinary velocities and long-distance runout despite low path angle; progressive fluidisation along travel path; superelevation and run-up of the moving mass, air blast wave in the avalanche flow phase; entrainment of available materials in its path, and the repeated nature of the event. CGMM events may affect areas remote from glaciers which were previously considered as safe. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T01:58:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e27ef8f51f204e85acd249db85b4a81c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7340 1680-7359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T01:58:31Z |
| publishDate | 2008-04-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Geosciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-e27ef8f51f204e85acd249db85b4a81c2022-12-21T20:41:08ZengCopernicus PublicationsAdvances in Geosciences1680-73401680-73592008-04-0114211218Catastrophic glacial multi-phase mass movements: a special type of glacial hazardD. A. PetrakovS. S. ChernomoretsS. G. EvansO. V. TutubalinaMany glacier-related hazards are well typified and studied, but some events stand out from conventional classifications. The Kolka-Karmadon catastrophic event on 20 September 2002 in North Ossetia, North Caucasus, Russia is used as an example of a complex glacier failure exhibiting characteristics such as high mobility, long runout, ultrarapid movement and multiphase behaviour. We consider terminology protocol for glacier hazard classification and then, using the Kolka-Karmadon event and several other examples from around the world, we propose a new term for this family of events. Catastrophic glacier multi-phase mass movement (CGMM) is described and further illustrated by eight major events from Russia, Georgia, Peru, Chile, and Canada. CGMM have a combination of specific features: extraordinary velocities and long-distance runout despite low path angle; progressive fluidisation along travel path; superelevation and run-up of the moving mass, air blast wave in the avalanche flow phase; entrainment of available materials in its path, and the repeated nature of the event. CGMM events may affect areas remote from glaciers which were previously considered as safe.http://www.adv-geosci.net/14/211/2008/adgeo-14-211-2008.pdf |
| spellingShingle | D. A. Petrakov S. S. Chernomorets S. G. Evans O. V. Tutubalina Catastrophic glacial multi-phase mass movements: a special type of glacial hazard Advances in Geosciences |
| title | Catastrophic glacial multi-phase mass movements: a special type of glacial hazard |
| title_full | Catastrophic glacial multi-phase mass movements: a special type of glacial hazard |
| title_fullStr | Catastrophic glacial multi-phase mass movements: a special type of glacial hazard |
| title_full_unstemmed | Catastrophic glacial multi-phase mass movements: a special type of glacial hazard |
| title_short | Catastrophic glacial multi-phase mass movements: a special type of glacial hazard |
| title_sort | catastrophic glacial multi phase mass movements a special type of glacial hazard |
| url | http://www.adv-geosci.net/14/211/2008/adgeo-14-211-2008.pdf |
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