Natural Killer Cells in Antibody Independent and Antibody Dependent HIV Control
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), when left untreated, typically leads to disease progression towards acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Some people living with HIV (PLWH) control their virus to levels below the limit of detection of standard viral load assays, without treatmen...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.879124/full |
| _version_ | 1811248468840153088 |
|---|---|
| author | Nicole F. Bernard Nicole F. Bernard Nicole F. Bernard Nicole F. Bernard Sanket Kant Sanket Kant Sanket Kant Zahra Kiani Zahra Kiani Zahra Kiani Cécile Tremblay Cécile Tremblay Franck P. Dupuy Franck P. Dupuy |
| author_facet | Nicole F. Bernard Nicole F. Bernard Nicole F. Bernard Nicole F. Bernard Sanket Kant Sanket Kant Sanket Kant Zahra Kiani Zahra Kiani Zahra Kiani Cécile Tremblay Cécile Tremblay Franck P. Dupuy Franck P. Dupuy |
| author_sort | Nicole F. Bernard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), when left untreated, typically leads to disease progression towards acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Some people living with HIV (PLWH) control their virus to levels below the limit of detection of standard viral load assays, without treatment. As such, they represent examples of a functional HIV cure. These individuals, called Elite Controllers (ECs), are rare, making up <1% of PLWH. Genome wide association studies mapped genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I region as important in HIV control. ECs have potent virus specific CD8+ T cell responses often restricted by protective MHC class I antigens. Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells whose activation state depends on the integration of activating and inhibitory signals arising from cell surface receptors interacting with their ligands on neighboring cells. Inhibitory NK cell receptors also use a subset of MHC class I antigens as ligands. This interaction educates NK cells, priming them to respond to HIV infected cell with reduced MHC class I antigen expression levels. NK cells can also be activated through the crosslinking of the activating NK cell receptor, CD16, which binds the fragment crystallizable portion of immunoglobulin G. This mode of activation confers NK cells with specificity to HIV infected cells when the antigen binding portion of CD16 bound immunoglobulin G recognizes HIV Envelope on infected cells. Here, we review the role of NK cells in antibody independent and antibody dependent HIV control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:28:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e285ddd8d9c64b71beed535c31b0cf5b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:28:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e285ddd8d9c64b71beed535c31b0cf5b2022-12-22T03:27:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-05-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.879124879124Natural Killer Cells in Antibody Independent and Antibody Dependent HIV ControlNicole F. Bernard0Nicole F. Bernard1Nicole F. Bernard2Nicole F. Bernard3Sanket Kant4Sanket Kant5Sanket Kant6Zahra Kiani7Zahra Kiani8Zahra Kiani9Cécile Tremblay10Cécile Tremblay11Franck P. Dupuy12Franck P. Dupuy13Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaDivision of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaInfectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaDivision of Clinical Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaResearch Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaDivision of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaInfectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaResearch Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaDivision of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaInfectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaCentre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Microbiology Infectiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, CanadaResearch Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaInfectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaInfection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), when left untreated, typically leads to disease progression towards acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Some people living with HIV (PLWH) control their virus to levels below the limit of detection of standard viral load assays, without treatment. As such, they represent examples of a functional HIV cure. These individuals, called Elite Controllers (ECs), are rare, making up <1% of PLWH. Genome wide association studies mapped genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I region as important in HIV control. ECs have potent virus specific CD8+ T cell responses often restricted by protective MHC class I antigens. Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells whose activation state depends on the integration of activating and inhibitory signals arising from cell surface receptors interacting with their ligands on neighboring cells. Inhibitory NK cell receptors also use a subset of MHC class I antigens as ligands. This interaction educates NK cells, priming them to respond to HIV infected cell with reduced MHC class I antigen expression levels. NK cells can also be activated through the crosslinking of the activating NK cell receptor, CD16, which binds the fragment crystallizable portion of immunoglobulin G. This mode of activation confers NK cells with specificity to HIV infected cells when the antigen binding portion of CD16 bound immunoglobulin G recognizes HIV Envelope on infected cells. Here, we review the role of NK cells in antibody independent and antibody dependent HIV control.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.879124/fullHIVelite controllersNK cellskiller immunoglobulin-like receptorsHLAADCC |
| spellingShingle | Nicole F. Bernard Nicole F. Bernard Nicole F. Bernard Nicole F. Bernard Sanket Kant Sanket Kant Sanket Kant Zahra Kiani Zahra Kiani Zahra Kiani Cécile Tremblay Cécile Tremblay Franck P. Dupuy Franck P. Dupuy Natural Killer Cells in Antibody Independent and Antibody Dependent HIV Control Frontiers in Immunology HIV elite controllers NK cells killer immunoglobulin-like receptors HLA ADCC |
| title | Natural Killer Cells in Antibody Independent and Antibody Dependent HIV Control |
| title_full | Natural Killer Cells in Antibody Independent and Antibody Dependent HIV Control |
| title_fullStr | Natural Killer Cells in Antibody Independent and Antibody Dependent HIV Control |
| title_full_unstemmed | Natural Killer Cells in Antibody Independent and Antibody Dependent HIV Control |
| title_short | Natural Killer Cells in Antibody Independent and Antibody Dependent HIV Control |
| title_sort | natural killer cells in antibody independent and antibody dependent hiv control |
| topic | HIV elite controllers NK cells killer immunoglobulin-like receptors HLA ADCC |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.879124/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nicolefbernard naturalkillercellsinantibodyindependentandantibodydependenthivcontrol AT nicolefbernard naturalkillercellsinantibodyindependentandantibodydependenthivcontrol AT nicolefbernard naturalkillercellsinantibodyindependentandantibodydependenthivcontrol AT nicolefbernard naturalkillercellsinantibodyindependentandantibodydependenthivcontrol AT sanketkant naturalkillercellsinantibodyindependentandantibodydependenthivcontrol AT sanketkant naturalkillercellsinantibodyindependentandantibodydependenthivcontrol AT sanketkant naturalkillercellsinantibodyindependentandantibodydependenthivcontrol AT zahrakiani naturalkillercellsinantibodyindependentandantibodydependenthivcontrol AT zahrakiani naturalkillercellsinantibodyindependentandantibodydependenthivcontrol AT zahrakiani naturalkillercellsinantibodyindependentandantibodydependenthivcontrol AT ceciletremblay naturalkillercellsinantibodyindependentandantibodydependenthivcontrol AT ceciletremblay naturalkillercellsinantibodyindependentandantibodydependenthivcontrol AT franckpdupuy naturalkillercellsinantibodyindependentandantibodydependenthivcontrol AT franckpdupuy naturalkillercellsinantibodyindependentandantibodydependenthivcontrol |