Physicochemical Characterization and Oxidative Potential of Iron-Containing Particles Emitted from Xuanwei Coal Combustion
Respiratory diseases have been proven to be directly related to air pollutants. Xuanwei, located in South China, has been known to have the highest mortality rate for lung cancer in China because of the air pollutants emitted through local coal combustion. However, the mechanism of lung cancer induc...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/11/921 |
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| author | Senlin Lu Jin Liu Guoqing Hou Jiumei Zhao Xinchun Liu Tingting Xie Kai Xiao Shinichi Yonemochi Enyoh Christian Ebere Weiqian Wang Qingyue Wang |
| author_facet | Senlin Lu Jin Liu Guoqing Hou Jiumei Zhao Xinchun Liu Tingting Xie Kai Xiao Shinichi Yonemochi Enyoh Christian Ebere Weiqian Wang Qingyue Wang |
| author_sort | Senlin Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Respiratory diseases have been proven to be directly related to air pollutants. Xuanwei, located in South China, has been known to have the highest mortality rate for lung cancer in China because of the air pollutants emitted through local coal combustion. However, the mechanism of lung cancer induced by air pollutants is not clear. Based on the fact that a large number of iron-bearing mineral particles was found in Xuanwei coal combustion particles, the iron-containing particles were hypothesized to play important roles in the pathogenesis of the high incidence rate of lung cancer in this area. In this study, raw coal samples were collected from a coal mine in the Xuanwei area. Size-resolved particles emitted from the raw coal samples were collected using an Anderson high-volume sampler. Mineralogical characterization and an assessment of the oxidative potential of the iron-containing particles were conducted using cutting-edge technologies, and the biological activity of the particles were evaluated via DTT assay. Our data showed that the iron-containing minerals accounted for more than 10% of the measured particles emitted from Xuanwei coal combustion samples. The content analysis of ·OH generated from Xuanwei coal combustion particles showed that ·OH content was dependent on the size of particles in the surrogated lung fluid. The concentration of ·OH increased as the particle size decreased. The DTT assay data further demonstrated that when the mass concentration of dissolved irons increased, the oxidation potential of the particles increased. The highest proportion of divalent iron in the total dissolved iron was found in the submicron particles in low pH solution(pH = 1), which indicated that the oxidative potential induced by submicron particles was stronger than that induced by coarse particles and fine particles. Armed with the above data, the toxicological mechanism of the iron-containing mineral particles can be investigated further. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:25:03Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:25:03Z |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e28789efe3e14038a29d82d64ff468f72023-11-24T15:09:23ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-11-01111192110.3390/toxics11110921Physicochemical Characterization and Oxidative Potential of Iron-Containing Particles Emitted from Xuanwei Coal CombustionSenlin Lu0Jin Liu1Guoqing Hou2Jiumei Zhao3Xinchun Liu4Tingting Xie5Kai Xiao6Shinichi Yonemochi7Enyoh Christian Ebere8Weiqian Wang9Qingyue Wang10School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaInstitute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, ChinaSchool of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaCollege of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Beijing University, Beijing 100871, ChinaCenters for Environmental Science in Saitama, Saitama 374-0115, JapanSchool of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, JapanSchool of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, JapanSchool of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, JapanRespiratory diseases have been proven to be directly related to air pollutants. Xuanwei, located in South China, has been known to have the highest mortality rate for lung cancer in China because of the air pollutants emitted through local coal combustion. However, the mechanism of lung cancer induced by air pollutants is not clear. Based on the fact that a large number of iron-bearing mineral particles was found in Xuanwei coal combustion particles, the iron-containing particles were hypothesized to play important roles in the pathogenesis of the high incidence rate of lung cancer in this area. In this study, raw coal samples were collected from a coal mine in the Xuanwei area. Size-resolved particles emitted from the raw coal samples were collected using an Anderson high-volume sampler. Mineralogical characterization and an assessment of the oxidative potential of the iron-containing particles were conducted using cutting-edge technologies, and the biological activity of the particles were evaluated via DTT assay. Our data showed that the iron-containing minerals accounted for more than 10% of the measured particles emitted from Xuanwei coal combustion samples. The content analysis of ·OH generated from Xuanwei coal combustion particles showed that ·OH content was dependent on the size of particles in the surrogated lung fluid. The concentration of ·OH increased as the particle size decreased. The DTT assay data further demonstrated that when the mass concentration of dissolved irons increased, the oxidation potential of the particles increased. The highest proportion of divalent iron in the total dissolved iron was found in the submicron particles in low pH solution(pH = 1), which indicated that the oxidative potential induced by submicron particles was stronger than that induced by coarse particles and fine particles. Armed with the above data, the toxicological mechanism of the iron-containing mineral particles can be investigated further.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/11/921iron-containing mineralssize-resolved particleshydroxyl free radicaloxidation potential |
| spellingShingle | Senlin Lu Jin Liu Guoqing Hou Jiumei Zhao Xinchun Liu Tingting Xie Kai Xiao Shinichi Yonemochi Enyoh Christian Ebere Weiqian Wang Qingyue Wang Physicochemical Characterization and Oxidative Potential of Iron-Containing Particles Emitted from Xuanwei Coal Combustion Toxics iron-containing minerals size-resolved particles hydroxyl free radical oxidation potential |
| title | Physicochemical Characterization and Oxidative Potential of Iron-Containing Particles Emitted from Xuanwei Coal Combustion |
| title_full | Physicochemical Characterization and Oxidative Potential of Iron-Containing Particles Emitted from Xuanwei Coal Combustion |
| title_fullStr | Physicochemical Characterization and Oxidative Potential of Iron-Containing Particles Emitted from Xuanwei Coal Combustion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physicochemical Characterization and Oxidative Potential of Iron-Containing Particles Emitted from Xuanwei Coal Combustion |
| title_short | Physicochemical Characterization and Oxidative Potential of Iron-Containing Particles Emitted from Xuanwei Coal Combustion |
| title_sort | physicochemical characterization and oxidative potential of iron containing particles emitted from xuanwei coal combustion |
| topic | iron-containing minerals size-resolved particles hydroxyl free radical oxidation potential |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/11/921 |
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