Evolutionary Trajectories of <i>Avian Avulaviruses</i> and Vaccines Compatibilities in Poultry
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes one of the highly infectious avian diseases in poultry leading to genuine financial misfortunes around the world. Recently, there has been an increasing trend in the number of ND-associated outbreaks in commercial Jordanian poultry flocks indicating a possible co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/11/1862 |
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| author | Mohammed A. Rohaim Mohammad Q. Al-Natour Rania F. El Naggar Mohammed A. Abdelsabour Yahia M. Madbouly Kawkab A. Ahmed Muhammad Munir |
| author_facet | Mohammed A. Rohaim Mohammad Q. Al-Natour Rania F. El Naggar Mohammed A. Abdelsabour Yahia M. Madbouly Kawkab A. Ahmed Muhammad Munir |
| author_sort | Mohammed A. Rohaim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes one of the highly infectious avian diseases in poultry leading to genuine financial misfortunes around the world. Recently, there has been an increasing trend in the number of ND-associated outbreaks in commercial Jordanian poultry flocks indicating a possible complex evolutionary dynamic of NDV infections in the country. To underpin the dynamics of circulating NDV strains and to assess the vaccine-escape potential, a total of 130 samples were collected from different poultry flocks in six Jordanian Governorates during 2019–2021. Twenty positive isolates, based on real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, were used for further genetic characterization and evolutionary analysis. Our results showed that there is a high evolutionary distance between the newly identified NDV strains (genotype VII.1.1) in this study and the commercially used vaccines (genotypes I and II), suggesting that circulating NDV field strains are under constant evolutionary pressure. These mutations may significantly affect flocks that have received vaccinations as well as flocks with insufficient immunity in terms of viral immunity and disease dynamics. To assess this further, we investigated the efficacy of the heterologous inactivated LaSota or homologous genotype VII.1.1 vaccine for their protection against virulent NDV in chicken. Vaccine-induced immunity was evaluated based on the serology, and protection efficacy was assessed based on clinical signs, survival rates, histopathology, and viral shedding. Chickens vaccinated with the inactivated genotype VII.1.1 based vaccine showed 100% protection with a significant reduction in virus shedding, and ameliorated histopathology lesions compared to LaSota vaccinated chicks that showed 60% protection. These results revealed that the usage of NDV inactivated vaccine from the circulating field strains can successfully ameliorate the clinical outcome and virus pathobiology in vaccinated chicks and will serve as an effective vaccine against the threat posed by commonly circulating NDV strains in the poultry industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:34:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e28b0a18979e4aa1ae277ebb6146565f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:34:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-e28b0a18979e4aa1ae277ebb6146565f2023-11-24T07:13:51ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-11-011011186210.3390/vaccines10111862Evolutionary Trajectories of <i>Avian Avulaviruses</i> and Vaccines Compatibilities in PoultryMohammed A. Rohaim0Mohammad Q. Al-Natour1Rania F. El Naggar2Mohammed A. Abdelsabour3Yahia M. Madbouly4Kawkab A. Ahmed5Muhammad Munir6Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UKDivision of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UKDivision of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UKDepartment of Poultry Viral Vaccines, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Cairo 11435, EgyptDepartment of Poultry Viral Vaccines, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Cairo 11435, EgyptDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, EgyptDivision of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UKNewcastle disease virus (NDV) causes one of the highly infectious avian diseases in poultry leading to genuine financial misfortunes around the world. Recently, there has been an increasing trend in the number of ND-associated outbreaks in commercial Jordanian poultry flocks indicating a possible complex evolutionary dynamic of NDV infections in the country. To underpin the dynamics of circulating NDV strains and to assess the vaccine-escape potential, a total of 130 samples were collected from different poultry flocks in six Jordanian Governorates during 2019–2021. Twenty positive isolates, based on real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, were used for further genetic characterization and evolutionary analysis. Our results showed that there is a high evolutionary distance between the newly identified NDV strains (genotype VII.1.1) in this study and the commercially used vaccines (genotypes I and II), suggesting that circulating NDV field strains are under constant evolutionary pressure. These mutations may significantly affect flocks that have received vaccinations as well as flocks with insufficient immunity in terms of viral immunity and disease dynamics. To assess this further, we investigated the efficacy of the heterologous inactivated LaSota or homologous genotype VII.1.1 vaccine for their protection against virulent NDV in chicken. Vaccine-induced immunity was evaluated based on the serology, and protection efficacy was assessed based on clinical signs, survival rates, histopathology, and viral shedding. Chickens vaccinated with the inactivated genotype VII.1.1 based vaccine showed 100% protection with a significant reduction in virus shedding, and ameliorated histopathology lesions compared to LaSota vaccinated chicks that showed 60% protection. These results revealed that the usage of NDV inactivated vaccine from the circulating field strains can successfully ameliorate the clinical outcome and virus pathobiology in vaccinated chicks and will serve as an effective vaccine against the threat posed by commonly circulating NDV strains in the poultry industry.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/11/1862avian orthoavulaviruses 1evolutionary pressurevaccineefficacyJordan |
| spellingShingle | Mohammed A. Rohaim Mohammad Q. Al-Natour Rania F. El Naggar Mohammed A. Abdelsabour Yahia M. Madbouly Kawkab A. Ahmed Muhammad Munir Evolutionary Trajectories of <i>Avian Avulaviruses</i> and Vaccines Compatibilities in Poultry Vaccines avian orthoavulaviruses 1 evolutionary pressure vaccine efficacy Jordan |
| title | Evolutionary Trajectories of <i>Avian Avulaviruses</i> and Vaccines Compatibilities in Poultry |
| title_full | Evolutionary Trajectories of <i>Avian Avulaviruses</i> and Vaccines Compatibilities in Poultry |
| title_fullStr | Evolutionary Trajectories of <i>Avian Avulaviruses</i> and Vaccines Compatibilities in Poultry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolutionary Trajectories of <i>Avian Avulaviruses</i> and Vaccines Compatibilities in Poultry |
| title_short | Evolutionary Trajectories of <i>Avian Avulaviruses</i> and Vaccines Compatibilities in Poultry |
| title_sort | evolutionary trajectories of i avian avulaviruses i and vaccines compatibilities in poultry |
| topic | avian orthoavulaviruses 1 evolutionary pressure vaccine efficacy Jordan |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/11/1862 |
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