Nanobodies: a promising approach to treatment of viral diseases
Since their discovery in the 1990s, heavy chain antibodies have garnered significant interest in the scientific community. These antibodies, found in camelids such as llamas and alpacas, exhibit distinct characteristics from conventional antibodies due to the absence of a light chain in their struct...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303353/full |
| _version_ | 1797348619518476288 |
|---|---|
| author | Vitória Meneghetti Minatel Carlos Roberto Prudencio Benedito Barraviera Benedito Barraviera Rui Seabra Ferreira Rui Seabra Ferreira |
| author_facet | Vitória Meneghetti Minatel Carlos Roberto Prudencio Benedito Barraviera Benedito Barraviera Rui Seabra Ferreira Rui Seabra Ferreira |
| author_sort | Vitória Meneghetti Minatel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since their discovery in the 1990s, heavy chain antibodies have garnered significant interest in the scientific community. These antibodies, found in camelids such as llamas and alpacas, exhibit distinct characteristics from conventional antibodies due to the absence of a light chain in their structure. Furthermore, they possess a single antigen-binding domain known as VHH or Nanobody (Nb). With a small size of approximately 15 kDa, these Nbs demonstrate improved characteristics compared to conventional antibodies, including greater physicochemical stability and enhanced biodistribution, enabling them to bind inaccessible epitopes more effectively. As a result, Nbs have found numerous applications in various medical and veterinary fields, particularly in diagnostics and therapeutics. Advances in biotechnology have made the production of recombinant antibodies feasible and compatible with large-scale manufacturing. Through the construction of immune phage libraries that display VHHs and subsequent selection through biopanning, it has become possible to isolate specific Nbs targeting pharmaceutical targets of interest, such as viruses. This review describes the processes involved in nanobody production, from hyperimmunization to purification, with the aim of their application in the pharmaceutical industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:08:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e28b0b90445d42f5aba8e947f9ec004c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:08:10Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e28b0b90445d42f5aba8e947f9ec004c2024-01-23T04:20:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-01-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.13033531303353Nanobodies: a promising approach to treatment of viral diseasesVitória Meneghetti Minatel0Carlos Roberto Prudencio1Benedito Barraviera2Benedito Barraviera3Rui Seabra Ferreira4Rui Seabra Ferreira5Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, BrazilImmunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilCenter for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, BrazilGraduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, BrazilCenter for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, BrazilGraduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, BrazilSince their discovery in the 1990s, heavy chain antibodies have garnered significant interest in the scientific community. These antibodies, found in camelids such as llamas and alpacas, exhibit distinct characteristics from conventional antibodies due to the absence of a light chain in their structure. Furthermore, they possess a single antigen-binding domain known as VHH or Nanobody (Nb). With a small size of approximately 15 kDa, these Nbs demonstrate improved characteristics compared to conventional antibodies, including greater physicochemical stability and enhanced biodistribution, enabling them to bind inaccessible epitopes more effectively. As a result, Nbs have found numerous applications in various medical and veterinary fields, particularly in diagnostics and therapeutics. Advances in biotechnology have made the production of recombinant antibodies feasible and compatible with large-scale manufacturing. Through the construction of immune phage libraries that display VHHs and subsequent selection through biopanning, it has become possible to isolate specific Nbs targeting pharmaceutical targets of interest, such as viruses. This review describes the processes involved in nanobody production, from hyperimmunization to purification, with the aim of their application in the pharmaceutical industry.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303353/fullcamelidsheavy chain antibodiessingle domain antibodiesimmune libraryphage displayVHH |
| spellingShingle | Vitória Meneghetti Minatel Carlos Roberto Prudencio Benedito Barraviera Benedito Barraviera Rui Seabra Ferreira Rui Seabra Ferreira Nanobodies: a promising approach to treatment of viral diseases Frontiers in Immunology camelids heavy chain antibodies single domain antibodies immune library phage display VHH |
| title | Nanobodies: a promising approach to treatment of viral diseases |
| title_full | Nanobodies: a promising approach to treatment of viral diseases |
| title_fullStr | Nanobodies: a promising approach to treatment of viral diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanobodies: a promising approach to treatment of viral diseases |
| title_short | Nanobodies: a promising approach to treatment of viral diseases |
| title_sort | nanobodies a promising approach to treatment of viral diseases |
| topic | camelids heavy chain antibodies single domain antibodies immune library phage display VHH |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303353/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vitoriameneghettiminatel nanobodiesapromisingapproachtotreatmentofviraldiseases AT carlosrobertoprudencio nanobodiesapromisingapproachtotreatmentofviraldiseases AT beneditobarraviera nanobodiesapromisingapproachtotreatmentofviraldiseases AT beneditobarraviera nanobodiesapromisingapproachtotreatmentofviraldiseases AT ruiseabraferreira nanobodiesapromisingapproachtotreatmentofviraldiseases AT ruiseabraferreira nanobodiesapromisingapproachtotreatmentofviraldiseases |