Impact of Cadmium Contamination on Fertilizer Value and Associated Health Risks in Different Soil Types Following Anaerobic Digestate Application
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in the soil potentially hampers microbial biomass and adversely affects their services such as decomposition and mineralization of organic matter. It can reduce nitrogen (N) metabolism and consequently affect plant growth and physiology. Further, Cd accumulation in plants...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/12/1008 |
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| author | Ghulam Mustafa Shah Umer Farooq Zunaira Shabbir Jianbin Guo Renjie Dong Hafiz Faiq Bakhat Muhammad Wakeel Ayesha Siddique Naeem Shahid |
| author_facet | Ghulam Mustafa Shah Umer Farooq Zunaira Shabbir Jianbin Guo Renjie Dong Hafiz Faiq Bakhat Muhammad Wakeel Ayesha Siddique Naeem Shahid |
| author_sort | Ghulam Mustafa Shah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cadmium (Cd) contamination in the soil potentially hampers microbial biomass and adversely affects their services such as decomposition and mineralization of organic matter. It can reduce nitrogen (N) metabolism and consequently affect plant growth and physiology. Further, Cd accumulation in plants can pose health risks through vegetable consumption. Here, we investigated consequences of Cd contamination on fertilizer value and associated health risks following the application of biogas residues (BGR) to various soil types. Our results indicate that the application of BGR to all soil types significantly increased dry matter (DM) yield and N uptake. However, the Cd contamination negatively affected DM yield and N recovery from BGR in a dose-dependent manner. Organic N mineralization from BGR also decreased in Cd-contaminated soils. The highest DM yield and N recovery were recorded in sandy soil, whereas the lowest values were observed in clay soil. Cadmium was accumulated in spinach, and health risk index (HRI) associated with its dietary intake revealed that consuming spinach grown in Cd-contaminated soil, with or without BGR, is unsafe. Among the soil types, values of daily intake of metals (DIM) and HRI were lowest in clay soil and highest in sandy soil. However, the application of BGR curtailed HRI across all soil types. Notably, the application of BGR alone resulted in HRI values < 1, which are under the safe limit. We conclude that soil contamination with Cd reduces fertilizer value and entails implications for human health. However, the application of BGR to the soil can decrease Cd effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:19:32Z |
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| id | doaj.art-e2a1e3288ec34e8f84fcbc7defe12805 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:19:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e2a1e3288ec34e8f84fcbc7defe128052023-12-22T14:46:08ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-12-011112100810.3390/toxics11121008Impact of Cadmium Contamination on Fertilizer Value and Associated Health Risks in Different Soil Types Following Anaerobic Digestate ApplicationGhulam Mustafa Shah0Umer Farooq1Zunaira Shabbir2Jianbin Guo3Renjie Dong4Hafiz Faiq Bakhat5Muhammad Wakeel6Ayesha Siddique7Naeem Shahid8Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, PakistanDepartment of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, PakistanKey Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaKey Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, PakistanDepartment of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, PakistanDepartment of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, GermanyDepartment of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, GermanyCadmium (Cd) contamination in the soil potentially hampers microbial biomass and adversely affects their services such as decomposition and mineralization of organic matter. It can reduce nitrogen (N) metabolism and consequently affect plant growth and physiology. Further, Cd accumulation in plants can pose health risks through vegetable consumption. Here, we investigated consequences of Cd contamination on fertilizer value and associated health risks following the application of biogas residues (BGR) to various soil types. Our results indicate that the application of BGR to all soil types significantly increased dry matter (DM) yield and N uptake. However, the Cd contamination negatively affected DM yield and N recovery from BGR in a dose-dependent manner. Organic N mineralization from BGR also decreased in Cd-contaminated soils. The highest DM yield and N recovery were recorded in sandy soil, whereas the lowest values were observed in clay soil. Cadmium was accumulated in spinach, and health risk index (HRI) associated with its dietary intake revealed that consuming spinach grown in Cd-contaminated soil, with or without BGR, is unsafe. Among the soil types, values of daily intake of metals (DIM) and HRI were lowest in clay soil and highest in sandy soil. However, the application of BGR curtailed HRI across all soil types. Notably, the application of BGR alone resulted in HRI values < 1, which are under the safe limit. We conclude that soil contamination with Cd reduces fertilizer value and entails implications for human health. However, the application of BGR to the soil can decrease Cd effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/12/1008Cd contaminationmicrobial biomassbiogas residuesnitrogen utilizationhealth risk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Ghulam Mustafa Shah Umer Farooq Zunaira Shabbir Jianbin Guo Renjie Dong Hafiz Faiq Bakhat Muhammad Wakeel Ayesha Siddique Naeem Shahid Impact of Cadmium Contamination on Fertilizer Value and Associated Health Risks in Different Soil Types Following Anaerobic Digestate Application Toxics Cd contamination microbial biomass biogas residues nitrogen utilization health risk assessment |
| title | Impact of Cadmium Contamination on Fertilizer Value and Associated Health Risks in Different Soil Types Following Anaerobic Digestate Application |
| title_full | Impact of Cadmium Contamination on Fertilizer Value and Associated Health Risks in Different Soil Types Following Anaerobic Digestate Application |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Cadmium Contamination on Fertilizer Value and Associated Health Risks in Different Soil Types Following Anaerobic Digestate Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Cadmium Contamination on Fertilizer Value and Associated Health Risks in Different Soil Types Following Anaerobic Digestate Application |
| title_short | Impact of Cadmium Contamination on Fertilizer Value and Associated Health Risks in Different Soil Types Following Anaerobic Digestate Application |
| title_sort | impact of cadmium contamination on fertilizer value and associated health risks in different soil types following anaerobic digestate application |
| topic | Cd contamination microbial biomass biogas residues nitrogen utilization health risk assessment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/12/1008 |
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