The role of zinc, albumin, c reactive protein, and interleukin-6 in differentiation of unipolar depression and depression in bipolar disorder
Introduction There is no clinical difference between depressive episodes in bipolar disorder compared to major depressive disorder, which is why bipolar disorder remains unrecognized. Correctly distinguishing these disorders is of great importance because the therapeutic approach differs significa...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2021-04-01
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| Series: | European Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933821009172/type/journal_article |
| _version_ | 1797616258123825152 |
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| author | T. Bagaric M. Zivkovic P. Marinovic A. Kozmar N. Jaksic M. Sagud A. Mihaljevic-Peles |
| author_facet | T. Bagaric M. Zivkovic P. Marinovic A. Kozmar N. Jaksic M. Sagud A. Mihaljevic-Peles |
| author_sort | T. Bagaric |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Introduction
There is no clinical difference between depressive episodes in bipolar disorder compared to major depressive disorder, which is why bipolar disorder remains unrecognized. Correctly distinguishing these disorders is of great importance because the therapeutic approach differs significantly. According to previous research, zinc, albumin, C reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6(IL-6) seem to play a role in differentiating these two types of depressive episodes.
Objectives
To determine zinc, albumin, CRP and IL-6 serum concentrations in patients with major depressive disorder and depressive episode of bipolar disorder.
Methods
Research involved 60 participants. Participants signed informed consent prior to inclusion in the study. Sociodemographic data have been collected using a previously structured questionnaire. The severity of depressive symptoms has been measured by the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D-17). Blood samples were obtained from each study participant’s brachial vein, to determine zinc, albumin, C reactive protein and interleukin-6 serum concentrations.
Results
Statistically significant difference was found in zinc serum levels between the two analysed groups. In the overall sample, there is a significant positive correlation between the results on the rating scales and the serum level of CRP.
Conclusions
We confirmed an association between serum levels of CRP and the severity of the illness. Regardless, these are preliminary results of the research. Sufficient final conclusion cannot yet be drawn because it is being limited by the sample size and further investigation is needed.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:38:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e2b394438dc04856bb4763265c2eab60 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0924-9338 1778-3585 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:38:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-e2b394438dc04856bb4763265c2eab602023-11-17T05:09:12ZengCambridge University PressEuropean Psychiatry0924-93381778-35852021-04-0164S342S34210.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.917The role of zinc, albumin, c reactive protein, and interleukin-6 in differentiation of unipolar depression and depression in bipolar disorderT. Bagaric0M. Zivkovic1P. Marinovic2A. Kozmar3N. Jaksic4M. Sagud5A. Mihaljevic-Peles6Department Of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment Of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment Of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment Of Laboratoy Diagnostics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment Of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment Of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia School Of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment Of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia School Of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Introduction There is no clinical difference between depressive episodes in bipolar disorder compared to major depressive disorder, which is why bipolar disorder remains unrecognized. Correctly distinguishing these disorders is of great importance because the therapeutic approach differs significantly. According to previous research, zinc, albumin, C reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6(IL-6) seem to play a role in differentiating these two types of depressive episodes. Objectives To determine zinc, albumin, CRP and IL-6 serum concentrations in patients with major depressive disorder and depressive episode of bipolar disorder. Methods Research involved 60 participants. Participants signed informed consent prior to inclusion in the study. Sociodemographic data have been collected using a previously structured questionnaire. The severity of depressive symptoms has been measured by the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D-17). Blood samples were obtained from each study participant’s brachial vein, to determine zinc, albumin, C reactive protein and interleukin-6 serum concentrations. Results Statistically significant difference was found in zinc serum levels between the two analysed groups. In the overall sample, there is a significant positive correlation between the results on the rating scales and the serum level of CRP. Conclusions We confirmed an association between serum levels of CRP and the severity of the illness. Regardless, these are preliminary results of the research. Sufficient final conclusion cannot yet be drawn because it is being limited by the sample size and further investigation is needed. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933821009172/type/journal_articledepressionbipolar disorderC-reactive protein |
| spellingShingle | T. Bagaric M. Zivkovic P. Marinovic A. Kozmar N. Jaksic M. Sagud A. Mihaljevic-Peles The role of zinc, albumin, c reactive protein, and interleukin-6 in differentiation of unipolar depression and depression in bipolar disorder European Psychiatry depression bipolar disorder C-reactive protein |
| title | The role of zinc, albumin, c reactive protein, and interleukin-6 in differentiation of unipolar depression and depression in bipolar disorder |
| title_full | The role of zinc, albumin, c reactive protein, and interleukin-6 in differentiation of unipolar depression and depression in bipolar disorder |
| title_fullStr | The role of zinc, albumin, c reactive protein, and interleukin-6 in differentiation of unipolar depression and depression in bipolar disorder |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of zinc, albumin, c reactive protein, and interleukin-6 in differentiation of unipolar depression and depression in bipolar disorder |
| title_short | The role of zinc, albumin, c reactive protein, and interleukin-6 in differentiation of unipolar depression and depression in bipolar disorder |
| title_sort | role of zinc albumin c reactive protein and interleukin 6 in differentiation of unipolar depression and depression in bipolar disorder |
| topic | depression bipolar disorder C-reactive protein |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933821009172/type/journal_article |
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