Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins in Plasma of Patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease
Exposure to environmental contaminants might play an important role in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis, such as Parkinson´s disease (PD) and Alzheimer´s disease (AD). For the first time in Spain, the plasmatic levels of 19 mycotoxins from patients diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disease (4...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/7/477 |
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| author | Beatriz Arce-López Lydia Alvarez-Erviti Barbara De Santis María Izco Silvia López-Calvo Maria Eugenia Marzo-Sola Francesca Debegnach Elena Lizarraga Adela López de Cerain Elena González-Peñas Ariane Vettorazzi |
| author_facet | Beatriz Arce-López Lydia Alvarez-Erviti Barbara De Santis María Izco Silvia López-Calvo Maria Eugenia Marzo-Sola Francesca Debegnach Elena Lizarraga Adela López de Cerain Elena González-Peñas Ariane Vettorazzi |
| author_sort | Beatriz Arce-López |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Exposure to environmental contaminants might play an important role in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis, such as Parkinson´s disease (PD) and Alzheimer´s disease (AD). For the first time in Spain, the plasmatic levels of 19 mycotoxins from patients diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disease (44 PD and 24 AD) and from their healthy companions (25) from La Rioja region were analyzed. The studied mycotoxins were aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 and M1, T-2 and HT-2, ochratoxins A (OTA) and B (OTB), zearalenone, sterigmatocystin (STER), nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, deepoxy-deoxynivalenol, neosolaniol, diacetoxyscirpenol and fusarenon-X. Samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS before and after treatment with β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase in order to detect potential metabolites. Only OTA, OTB and STER were detected in the samples. OTA was present before (77% of the samples) and after (89%) the enzymatic treatment, while OTB was only detectable before (13%). Statistically significant differences in OTA between healthy companions and patients were observed but the observed differences might seem more related to gender (OTA levels higher in men, <i>p</i>-value = 0.0014) than the disease itself. STER appeared only after enzymatic treatment (88%). Statistical analysis on STER, showed distributions always different between healthy controls and patients (patients’ group > controls, <i>p</i>-value < 0.0001). Surprisingly, STER levels weakly correlated positively with age in women (rho = 0.3384), while OTA correlation showed a decrease of levels with age especially in the men with PD (rho = −0.4643). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:21:11Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:21:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-e2b4202ff9024ab390381391ff0625662023-11-22T05:10:53ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-07-0113747710.3390/toxins13070477Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins in Plasma of Patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s DiseaseBeatriz Arce-López0Lydia Alvarez-Erviti1Barbara De Santis2María Izco3Silvia López-Calvo4Maria Eugenia Marzo-Sola5Francesca Debegnach6Elena Lizarraga7Adela López de Cerain8Elena González-Peñas9Ariane Vettorazzi10Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Research Group MITOX, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainLaboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006 Logroño, SpainNational Reference Laboratory for Mycotoxins and Plant Toxins, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, ItalyLaboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006 Logroño, SpainServicio de Neurología, Hospital San Pedro, Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, SpainServicio de Neurología, Hospital San Pedro, Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, SpainNational Reference Laboratory for Mycotoxins and Plant Toxins, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Research Group MITOX, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Group MITOX, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Research Group MITOX, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Group MITOX, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainExposure to environmental contaminants might play an important role in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis, such as Parkinson´s disease (PD) and Alzheimer´s disease (AD). For the first time in Spain, the plasmatic levels of 19 mycotoxins from patients diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disease (44 PD and 24 AD) and from their healthy companions (25) from La Rioja region were analyzed. The studied mycotoxins were aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 and M1, T-2 and HT-2, ochratoxins A (OTA) and B (OTB), zearalenone, sterigmatocystin (STER), nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, deepoxy-deoxynivalenol, neosolaniol, diacetoxyscirpenol and fusarenon-X. Samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS before and after treatment with β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase in order to detect potential metabolites. Only OTA, OTB and STER were detected in the samples. OTA was present before (77% of the samples) and after (89%) the enzymatic treatment, while OTB was only detectable before (13%). Statistically significant differences in OTA between healthy companions and patients were observed but the observed differences might seem more related to gender (OTA levels higher in men, <i>p</i>-value = 0.0014) than the disease itself. STER appeared only after enzymatic treatment (88%). Statistical analysis on STER, showed distributions always different between healthy controls and patients (patients’ group > controls, <i>p</i>-value < 0.0001). Surprisingly, STER levels weakly correlated positively with age in women (rho = 0.3384), while OTA correlation showed a decrease of levels with age especially in the men with PD (rho = −0.4643).https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/7/477mycotoxinsochratoxin Asterigmatocystinhuman exposureParkinson´s diseaseAlzheimer´s disease |
| spellingShingle | Beatriz Arce-López Lydia Alvarez-Erviti Barbara De Santis María Izco Silvia López-Calvo Maria Eugenia Marzo-Sola Francesca Debegnach Elena Lizarraga Adela López de Cerain Elena González-Peñas Ariane Vettorazzi Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins in Plasma of Patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease Toxins mycotoxins ochratoxin A sterigmatocystin human exposure Parkinson´s disease Alzheimer´s disease |
| title | Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins in Plasma of Patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full | Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins in Plasma of Patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins in Plasma of Patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins in Plasma of Patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_short | Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins in Plasma of Patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_sort | biomonitoring of mycotoxins in plasma of patients with alzheimer s and parkinson s disease |
| topic | mycotoxins ochratoxin A sterigmatocystin human exposure Parkinson´s disease Alzheimer´s disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/7/477 |
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