Mechanisms of Gravitational Influence on Weld Pool Behavior and Weld Bead Performance in Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding across Different Welding Position
This article comprehensively explores the cross-scale effects of gravity on macroscopic flow formation and weld bead formation in variable polarity plasma arc welding. Gravity-induced changes in welding direction were achieved through welding at different spatial positions. The properties of the wel...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/19/6457 |
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| author | Jingbo Liu Fan Jiang Shujun Chen Bin Xu Guokai Zhang Wei Cheng Xinqiang Ma |
| author_facet | Jingbo Liu Fan Jiang Shujun Chen Bin Xu Guokai Zhang Wei Cheng Xinqiang Ma |
| author_sort | Jingbo Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article comprehensively explores the cross-scale effects of gravity on macroscopic flow formation and weld bead formation in variable polarity plasma arc welding. Gravity-induced changes in welding direction were achieved through welding at different spatial positions. The properties of the weld bead were investigated at various spatial locations. Additionally, an elemental tracing technique was employed to study the internal flow behavior of molten metal. In the flat welding position, there is an observable trend of increasing grain size in the welded bead, accompanied by a significant expansion of the coarse grain zone. Consequently, the properties of the weld bead in the flat position are inferior to those achieved in the vertical welding position. This phenomenon can be attributed to the accumulation of molten metal at the exit side of the keyhole, resulting in temperature accumulation. Research indicates that the internal flow within the weld pool plays a critical role in causing this phenomenon. The study’s findings reveal the presence of two distinct vortex flow patterns within the weld pool: one aligned with the welding direction and the other directed towards the interior of the weld pool. Particularly noteworthy is the substantial expansion of the flow channel area in the flat welding position, which significantly amplifies the impact of internal flow. This enhanced flow intensity inevitably leads to the increased buildup of molten metal at the keyhole exit side. These studies lay the groundwork for achieving high-quality and controllable spatial-position welding. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:41:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e2b9ba8ebcf645d2b07d033a3954a244 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:41:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-e2b9ba8ebcf645d2b07d033a3954a2442023-11-19T14:40:11ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-09-011619645710.3390/ma16196457Mechanisms of Gravitational Influence on Weld Pool Behavior and Weld Bead Performance in Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding across Different Welding PositionJingbo Liu0Fan Jiang1Shujun Chen2Bin Xu3Guokai Zhang4Wei Cheng5Xinqiang Ma6Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Automotive Components Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Automotive Components Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Automotive Components Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Automotive Components Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Automotive Components Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, ChinaLaser Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, ChinaLaser Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, ChinaThis article comprehensively explores the cross-scale effects of gravity on macroscopic flow formation and weld bead formation in variable polarity plasma arc welding. Gravity-induced changes in welding direction were achieved through welding at different spatial positions. The properties of the weld bead were investigated at various spatial locations. Additionally, an elemental tracing technique was employed to study the internal flow behavior of molten metal. In the flat welding position, there is an observable trend of increasing grain size in the welded bead, accompanied by a significant expansion of the coarse grain zone. Consequently, the properties of the weld bead in the flat position are inferior to those achieved in the vertical welding position. This phenomenon can be attributed to the accumulation of molten metal at the exit side of the keyhole, resulting in temperature accumulation. Research indicates that the internal flow within the weld pool plays a critical role in causing this phenomenon. The study’s findings reveal the presence of two distinct vortex flow patterns within the weld pool: one aligned with the welding direction and the other directed towards the interior of the weld pool. Particularly noteworthy is the substantial expansion of the flow channel area in the flat welding position, which significantly amplifies the impact of internal flow. This enhanced flow intensity inevitably leads to the increased buildup of molten metal at the keyhole exit side. These studies lay the groundwork for achieving high-quality and controllable spatial-position welding.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/19/6457molten metalflow behaviorthree-dimensional flowgrain sizeflow channel |
| spellingShingle | Jingbo Liu Fan Jiang Shujun Chen Bin Xu Guokai Zhang Wei Cheng Xinqiang Ma Mechanisms of Gravitational Influence on Weld Pool Behavior and Weld Bead Performance in Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding across Different Welding Position Materials molten metal flow behavior three-dimensional flow grain size flow channel |
| title | Mechanisms of Gravitational Influence on Weld Pool Behavior and Weld Bead Performance in Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding across Different Welding Position |
| title_full | Mechanisms of Gravitational Influence on Weld Pool Behavior and Weld Bead Performance in Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding across Different Welding Position |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of Gravitational Influence on Weld Pool Behavior and Weld Bead Performance in Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding across Different Welding Position |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of Gravitational Influence on Weld Pool Behavior and Weld Bead Performance in Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding across Different Welding Position |
| title_short | Mechanisms of Gravitational Influence on Weld Pool Behavior and Weld Bead Performance in Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding across Different Welding Position |
| title_sort | mechanisms of gravitational influence on weld pool behavior and weld bead performance in variable polarity plasma arc welding across different welding position |
| topic | molten metal flow behavior three-dimensional flow grain size flow channel |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/19/6457 |
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