African Swine Fever in Wild Boar in Europe—A Review
The introduction of genotype II African swine fever (ASF) virus, presumably from Africa into Georgia in 2007, and its continuous spread through Europe and Asia as a panzootic disease of suids, continues to have a huge socio-economic impact. ASF is characterized by hemorrhagic fever leading to a high...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/9/1717 |
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| author | Carola Sauter-Louis Franz J. Conraths Carolina Probst Ulrike Blohm Katja Schulz Julia Sehl Melina Fischer Jan Hendrik Forth Laura Zani Klaus Depner Thomas C. Mettenleiter Martin Beer Sandra Blome |
| author_facet | Carola Sauter-Louis Franz J. Conraths Carolina Probst Ulrike Blohm Katja Schulz Julia Sehl Melina Fischer Jan Hendrik Forth Laura Zani Klaus Depner Thomas C. Mettenleiter Martin Beer Sandra Blome |
| author_sort | Carola Sauter-Louis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The introduction of genotype II African swine fever (ASF) virus, presumably from Africa into Georgia in 2007, and its continuous spread through Europe and Asia as a panzootic disease of suids, continues to have a huge socio-economic impact. ASF is characterized by hemorrhagic fever leading to a high case/fatality ratio in pigs. In Europe, wild boar are especially affected. This review summarizes the currently available knowledge on ASF in wild boar in Europe. The current ASF panzootic is characterized by self-sustaining cycles of infection in the wild boar population. Spill-over and spill-back events occur from wild boar to domestic pigs and vice versa. The social structure of wild boar populations and the spatial behavior of the animals, a variety of ASF virus (ASFV) transmission mechanisms and persistence in the environment complicate the modeling of the disease. Control measures focus on the detection and removal of wild boar carcasses, in which ASFV can remain infectious for months. Further measures include the reduction in wild boar density and the limitation of wild boar movements through fences. Using these measures, the Czech Republic and Belgium succeeded in eliminating ASF in their territories, while the disease spread in others. So far, no vaccine is available to protect wild boar or domestic pigs reliably against ASF. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:09:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e2ba4762af184dbd93beafa7f8337e8d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:09:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-e2ba4762af184dbd93beafa7f8337e8d2023-11-22T15:36:57ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-08-01139171710.3390/v13091717African Swine Fever in Wild Boar in Europe—A ReviewCarola Sauter-Louis0Franz J. Conraths1Carolina Probst2Ulrike Blohm3Katja Schulz4Julia Sehl5Melina Fischer6Jan Hendrik Forth7Laura Zani8Klaus Depner9Thomas C. Mettenleiter10Martin Beer11Sandra Blome12Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Immunology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyDepartment of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of International Animal Health/One Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of International Animal Health/One Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyThe introduction of genotype II African swine fever (ASF) virus, presumably from Africa into Georgia in 2007, and its continuous spread through Europe and Asia as a panzootic disease of suids, continues to have a huge socio-economic impact. ASF is characterized by hemorrhagic fever leading to a high case/fatality ratio in pigs. In Europe, wild boar are especially affected. This review summarizes the currently available knowledge on ASF in wild boar in Europe. The current ASF panzootic is characterized by self-sustaining cycles of infection in the wild boar population. Spill-over and spill-back events occur from wild boar to domestic pigs and vice versa. The social structure of wild boar populations and the spatial behavior of the animals, a variety of ASF virus (ASFV) transmission mechanisms and persistence in the environment complicate the modeling of the disease. Control measures focus on the detection and removal of wild boar carcasses, in which ASFV can remain infectious for months. Further measures include the reduction in wild boar density and the limitation of wild boar movements through fences. Using these measures, the Czech Republic and Belgium succeeded in eliminating ASF in their territories, while the disease spread in others. So far, no vaccine is available to protect wild boar or domestic pigs reliably against ASF.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/9/1717African swine feverdisease controlwild boarepidemiological coursediagnosticclinical picture |
| spellingShingle | Carola Sauter-Louis Franz J. Conraths Carolina Probst Ulrike Blohm Katja Schulz Julia Sehl Melina Fischer Jan Hendrik Forth Laura Zani Klaus Depner Thomas C. Mettenleiter Martin Beer Sandra Blome African Swine Fever in Wild Boar in Europe—A Review Viruses African swine fever disease control wild boar epidemiological course diagnostic clinical picture |
| title | African Swine Fever in Wild Boar in Europe—A Review |
| title_full | African Swine Fever in Wild Boar in Europe—A Review |
| title_fullStr | African Swine Fever in Wild Boar in Europe—A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | African Swine Fever in Wild Boar in Europe—A Review |
| title_short | African Swine Fever in Wild Boar in Europe—A Review |
| title_sort | african swine fever in wild boar in europe a review |
| topic | African swine fever disease control wild boar epidemiological course diagnostic clinical picture |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/9/1717 |
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