Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale – Gender Spectrum in a Chinese population: scale validation and associations with mental health, self-harm and suicidality
Background Individuals with gender dysphoria display an incongruence between birth-assigned gender and gender expression. However, there is no existing Chinese measure for gender dysphoria. Aims This study aims to validate the Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale – Gender Spectrum (UGDS-GS) in a Chinese...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2023-01-01
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| Series: | BJPsych Open |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2056472422006172/type/journal_article |
| _version_ | 1811156885921857536 |
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| author | Runsen Chen Yi Feng Di Su Amanda Wilson Meng Han Yuanyuan Wang |
| author_facet | Runsen Chen Yi Feng Di Su Amanda Wilson Meng Han Yuanyuan Wang |
| author_sort | Runsen Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background
Individuals with gender dysphoria display an incongruence between birth-assigned gender and gender expression. However, there is no existing Chinese measure for gender dysphoria.
Aims
This study aims to validate the Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale – Gender Spectrum (UGDS-GS) in a Chinese population, and compare the psychometric properties of the UGDS-GS with one frequently used scale for gender dysphoria measurement, the Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adolescents and Adults (GIDYQ-AA).
Method
A total of 2646 Chinese participants were recruited. The following information was collected: sociodemographic variables, gender identity, sexual orientation, gender dysphoria measured by the UGDS-GS and the GIDYQ-AA, anxiety, depression and suicide assessment. Principal component analyses and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to test the fitness of the model. Discriminant validity was tested with one-way analysis of variance.
Results
The UGDS-GS showed good psychometric properties, with the GIDYQ-AA demonstrating slightly better psychometric properties than the UGDS-GS. UGDS-GS also showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.89), and good convergent validity and criterion validity. Exploratory factor analysis showed a one-factor structure (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, 0.93; χ2 = 13 342.50; d.f. = 153; P < 0.001). The UGDS-GS was positively associated with anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, attempted suicide and self-harm. We also found the results were robust in different samples.
Conclusions
The validated UGDS-GS can significantly stimulate and promote gender dysphoria assessment in Chinese populations, allowing for assessment in a more diverse subset of gender minorities.
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:58:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e2c60ba3628f4a24a2aafb02907c21e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2056-4724 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:58:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BJPsych Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-e2c60ba3628f4a24a2aafb02907c21e72023-03-09T12:29:27ZengCambridge University PressBJPsych Open2056-47242023-01-01910.1192/bjo.2022.617Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale – Gender Spectrum in a Chinese population: scale validation and associations with mental health, self-harm and suicidalityRunsen Chen0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3398-5750Yi Feng1Di Su2Amanda Wilson3Meng Han4Yuanyuan Wang5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2141-4056Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, China; and Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, ChinaMental Health Center, Central University of Finance and Economics, China; and Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, ChinaDepartment of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; and Mental Health Center, Ningxia University, ChinaDivision of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, UKVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, ChinaKey Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, China; and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, ChinaBackground Individuals with gender dysphoria display an incongruence between birth-assigned gender and gender expression. However, there is no existing Chinese measure for gender dysphoria. Aims This study aims to validate the Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale – Gender Spectrum (UGDS-GS) in a Chinese population, and compare the psychometric properties of the UGDS-GS with one frequently used scale for gender dysphoria measurement, the Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adolescents and Adults (GIDYQ-AA). Method A total of 2646 Chinese participants were recruited. The following information was collected: sociodemographic variables, gender identity, sexual orientation, gender dysphoria measured by the UGDS-GS and the GIDYQ-AA, anxiety, depression and suicide assessment. Principal component analyses and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to test the fitness of the model. Discriminant validity was tested with one-way analysis of variance. Results The UGDS-GS showed good psychometric properties, with the GIDYQ-AA demonstrating slightly better psychometric properties than the UGDS-GS. UGDS-GS also showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.89), and good convergent validity and criterion validity. Exploratory factor analysis showed a one-factor structure (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, 0.93; χ2 = 13 342.50; d.f. = 153; P < 0.001). The UGDS-GS was positively associated with anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, attempted suicide and self-harm. We also found the results were robust in different samples. Conclusions The validated UGDS-GS can significantly stimulate and promote gender dysphoria assessment in Chinese populations, allowing for assessment in a more diverse subset of gender minorities. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2056472422006172/type/journal_articleDepressionanxietygender dysphoriasuicidepsychological psychometrics |
| spellingShingle | Runsen Chen Yi Feng Di Su Amanda Wilson Meng Han Yuanyuan Wang Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale – Gender Spectrum in a Chinese population: scale validation and associations with mental health, self-harm and suicidality BJPsych Open Depression anxiety gender dysphoria suicide psychological psychometrics |
| title | Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale – Gender Spectrum in a Chinese population: scale validation and associations with mental health, self-harm and suicidality |
| title_full | Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale – Gender Spectrum in a Chinese population: scale validation and associations with mental health, self-harm and suicidality |
| title_fullStr | Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale – Gender Spectrum in a Chinese population: scale validation and associations with mental health, self-harm and suicidality |
| title_full_unstemmed | Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale – Gender Spectrum in a Chinese population: scale validation and associations with mental health, self-harm and suicidality |
| title_short | Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale – Gender Spectrum in a Chinese population: scale validation and associations with mental health, self-harm and suicidality |
| title_sort | utrecht gender dysphoria scale gender spectrum in a chinese population scale validation and associations with mental health self harm and suicidality |
| topic | Depression anxiety gender dysphoria suicide psychological psychometrics |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2056472422006172/type/journal_article |
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