Molecular Targets for Antibody-Based Anti-Biofilm Therapy in Infective Endocarditis
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a heart disease caused by the infection of heart valves, majorly caused by <i>Staphilococcus aureus</i>. IE is initiated by bacteria entering the blood circulation in favouring conditions (e.g., during invasive procedures). So far, the conventional antimicr...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/15/3198 |
| _version_ | 1797412507893104640 |
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| author | Jiahe Han Alessandro Poma |
| author_facet | Jiahe Han Alessandro Poma |
| author_sort | Jiahe Han |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Infective endocarditis (IE) is a heart disease caused by the infection of heart valves, majorly caused by <i>Staphilococcus aureus</i>. IE is initiated by bacteria entering the blood circulation in favouring conditions (e.g., during invasive procedures). So far, the conventional antimicrobial strategies based on the usage of antibiotics remain the major intervention for treating IE. Nevertheless, the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics in IE is limited not only by the bacterial drug resistance, but also by the formation of biofilms, which resist the penetration of antibiotics into bacterial cells. To overcome these drawbacks, the development of anti-biofilm treatments that can expose bacteria and make them more susceptible to the action of antibiotics, therefore resulting in reduced antimicrobial resistance, is urgently required. A series of anti-biofilm strategies have been developed, and this review will focus in particular on the development of anti-biofilm antibodies. Based on the results previously reported in the literature, several potential anti-biofilm targets are discussed, such as bacterial adhesins, biofilm matrix and bacterial toxins, covering their antigenic properties (with the identification of potential promising epitopes), functional mechanisms, as well as the antibodies already developed against these targets and, where feasible, their clinical translation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:04:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e2c7a012712a454bb26dada689e0c1e5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:04:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-e2c7a012712a454bb26dada689e0c1e52023-12-03T12:57:16ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-08-011415319810.3390/polym14153198Molecular Targets for Antibody-Based Anti-Biofilm Therapy in Infective EndocarditisJiahe Han0Alessandro Poma1UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, The Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UKDivision of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Hospital, UCL Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UKInfective endocarditis (IE) is a heart disease caused by the infection of heart valves, majorly caused by <i>Staphilococcus aureus</i>. IE is initiated by bacteria entering the blood circulation in favouring conditions (e.g., during invasive procedures). So far, the conventional antimicrobial strategies based on the usage of antibiotics remain the major intervention for treating IE. Nevertheless, the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics in IE is limited not only by the bacterial drug resistance, but also by the formation of biofilms, which resist the penetration of antibiotics into bacterial cells. To overcome these drawbacks, the development of anti-biofilm treatments that can expose bacteria and make them more susceptible to the action of antibiotics, therefore resulting in reduced antimicrobial resistance, is urgently required. A series of anti-biofilm strategies have been developed, and this review will focus in particular on the development of anti-biofilm antibodies. Based on the results previously reported in the literature, several potential anti-biofilm targets are discussed, such as bacterial adhesins, biofilm matrix and bacterial toxins, covering their antigenic properties (with the identification of potential promising epitopes), functional mechanisms, as well as the antibodies already developed against these targets and, where feasible, their clinical translation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/15/3198infective endocarditisbiofilmsantibodiesimmunotherapyepitopesantibiotic resistance |
| spellingShingle | Jiahe Han Alessandro Poma Molecular Targets for Antibody-Based Anti-Biofilm Therapy in Infective Endocarditis Polymers infective endocarditis biofilms antibodies immunotherapy epitopes antibiotic resistance |
| title | Molecular Targets for Antibody-Based Anti-Biofilm Therapy in Infective Endocarditis |
| title_full | Molecular Targets for Antibody-Based Anti-Biofilm Therapy in Infective Endocarditis |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Targets for Antibody-Based Anti-Biofilm Therapy in Infective Endocarditis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Targets for Antibody-Based Anti-Biofilm Therapy in Infective Endocarditis |
| title_short | Molecular Targets for Antibody-Based Anti-Biofilm Therapy in Infective Endocarditis |
| title_sort | molecular targets for antibody based anti biofilm therapy in infective endocarditis |
| topic | infective endocarditis biofilms antibodies immunotherapy epitopes antibiotic resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/15/3198 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jiahehan moleculartargetsforantibodybasedantibiofilmtherapyininfectiveendocarditis AT alessandropoma moleculartargetsforantibodybasedantibiofilmtherapyininfectiveendocarditis |