Light Curves and Polarizations of Gravitationally Lensed Kilonovae
Kilonovae are generally believed to originate from the ejecta of binary neutron stars (NSs) or black hole–NS mergers. Free neutrons might be retained in the outermost layer of the ejecta to produce a precursor via β decay. During the propagation of kilonovae to observers, a small percentage of them...
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| Format: | Article |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb493 |
| _version_ | 1797701493548122112 |
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| author | Yan-Qing Qi Tong Liu |
| author_facet | Yan-Qing Qi Tong Liu |
| author_sort | Yan-Qing Qi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Kilonovae are generally believed to originate from the ejecta of binary neutron stars (NSs) or black hole–NS mergers. Free neutrons might be retained in the outermost layer of the ejecta to produce a precursor via β decay. During the propagation of kilonovae to observers, a small percentage of them might be gravitationally lensed by foreground objects. In this paper, three lens models, i.e., the point-mass model, the singular isothermal sphere (SIS) model, and the Chang–Refsdal model, were taken into consideration to explore the light curves and polarizations of gravitationally lensed kilonovae. We found that, if the time delay between two images exceeds the ejecta-heating timescale for the lens mass ∼10 ^10 M _⊙ in the SIS model, a tiny bump-like signal will be generated in the light curve, and the total luminosity will be magnified in all cases. The polarization of lensed kilonovae is significantly enhanced in most cases. Future detections of lensed kilonovae will impose constraints on the morphology of the ejecta and aid in the determination of the nature of compact object mergers and the search for strong gravitational lenses. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:36:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e2cf549ee0df49c280e98457a28197702023-09-03T09:55:21ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-01944222410.3847/1538-4357/acb493Light Curves and Polarizations of Gravitationally Lensed KilonovaeYan-Qing Qi0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1768-0773Tong Liu1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8678-6291Department of Astronomy, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China ; tongliu@xmu.edu.cnDepartment of Astronomy, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China ; tongliu@xmu.edu.cnKilonovae are generally believed to originate from the ejecta of binary neutron stars (NSs) or black hole–NS mergers. Free neutrons might be retained in the outermost layer of the ejecta to produce a precursor via β decay. During the propagation of kilonovae to observers, a small percentage of them might be gravitationally lensed by foreground objects. In this paper, three lens models, i.e., the point-mass model, the singular isothermal sphere (SIS) model, and the Chang–Refsdal model, were taken into consideration to explore the light curves and polarizations of gravitationally lensed kilonovae. We found that, if the time delay between two images exceeds the ejecta-heating timescale for the lens mass ∼10 ^10 M _⊙ in the SIS model, a tiny bump-like signal will be generated in the light curve, and the total luminosity will be magnified in all cases. The polarization of lensed kilonovae is significantly enhanced in most cases. Future detections of lensed kilonovae will impose constraints on the morphology of the ejecta and aid in the determination of the nature of compact object mergers and the search for strong gravitational lenses.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb493PolarimetryStrong gravitational lensingTransient sources |
| spellingShingle | Yan-Qing Qi Tong Liu Light Curves and Polarizations of Gravitationally Lensed Kilonovae The Astrophysical Journal Polarimetry Strong gravitational lensing Transient sources |
| title | Light Curves and Polarizations of Gravitationally Lensed Kilonovae |
| title_full | Light Curves and Polarizations of Gravitationally Lensed Kilonovae |
| title_fullStr | Light Curves and Polarizations of Gravitationally Lensed Kilonovae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Light Curves and Polarizations of Gravitationally Lensed Kilonovae |
| title_short | Light Curves and Polarizations of Gravitationally Lensed Kilonovae |
| title_sort | light curves and polarizations of gravitationally lensed kilonovae |
| topic | Polarimetry Strong gravitational lensing Transient sources |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb493 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yanqingqi lightcurvesandpolarizationsofgravitationallylensedkilonovae AT tongliu lightcurvesandpolarizationsofgravitationallylensedkilonovae |