Histopathological Analysis of Lung Infections during Pre and Post COVID-19 Eras: Insights from a Four-Year Autopsy Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
Introduction: Autopsies are routinely useful in establishing the cause and time of death. The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic viral infectious disease, has affected many countries worldwide. In developing countries like India, infectious lung pathology has been a significant caus...
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| Format: | Article |
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/18258/63723_CE[Ra1]_F(SK)_QC(SHK_RD_IS)_PF1(AKA_SS_OM)_PFA(OM)_PB(AKA_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
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| author | Yogambal Muthureddy Mahalakshmi Kandasamy Selvam Abathu katha pillai Swaminathan Kalyanasundaram |
| author_facet | Yogambal Muthureddy Mahalakshmi Kandasamy Selvam Abathu katha pillai Swaminathan Kalyanasundaram |
| author_sort | Yogambal Muthureddy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Autopsies are routinely useful in establishing
the cause and time of death. The Coronavirus Disease-2019
(COVID-19), a pandemic viral infectious disease, has affected
many countries worldwide. In developing countries like India,
infectious lung pathology has been a significant cause of death
even before the COVID-19 era. However, the emergence of
COVID-19, there has been an increase in lung infections due to
factors such as prolonged hospital stays, assisted ventilation,
lung damage, and immune suppression, affecting both morbid
patients and survivors.
Aim: To describe the histopathological spectrum of infective
lesions of lung in autopsy during Pre COVID-19 and COVID-19
era in a tertiary care hospital of Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was
conducted in the Department of Pathology at Tirunelveli Medical
College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India, between January 2018
and December 2021. Data including age, sex, COVID-19 status,
clinical history, histomorphological patterns, and identification
of infectious agents, were collected from clinico-pathological
and autopsy documents. A total of 627 lung specimens were
available, with 41 specimens being autolyzed, leaving 586
specimens for inclusion in the study. Gross morphology and
microscopic features were documented, and diagnoses were
made based on these findings.
Results: The study included a total of 586 specimens, of which
76 (12.9%) were reported as infective pathology. Among these
cases, 29 (38.1%) cases were reported in the pre COVID19 period, and 47 (61.9%) were reported during the COVID19 period. Of the 76 cases, 41 (53.95%) were male, and 35
(46.05%) were female. The number of cases reported during
the post COVID-19 period (47 cases, 61.84%) was higher than
the number reported during the pre COVID-19 period (29 cases,
38.16%). In both periods, the majority of cases (10 cases,
13.1% in the pre COVID-19 period; 13 cases, (17.1%) in the
post COVID-19 period) were observed in individuals aged 60
years and above, followed by those in the age group of 50
to 59 years (7 cases, 9.2%). Similarly, in the pre COVID-19
period; 10 cases, 13.2% in the post COVID-19 period). Among
the 76 cases, interstitial pneumonia (9 cases, 11.8%) was the
most common finding in the pre COVID-19 period, followed
by bronchopneumonia (seven cases, 9.2%). In the COVID-19
period, Tuberculosis (TB) was the most common finding (17
cases, 22.4%), followed by pneumonia with consolidation (10
cases, 13.2%). Additionally, the number of cases diagnosed
with pulmonary TB during the COVID-19 period (17 cases,
22.4%) was higher than that during the pre COVID-19 period (6
cases, 7.9%). During the post COVID-19 period, there has been
a drastic increase in the number of pneumonia cases compared
to the pre COVID-19 era, and this increase is statistically
significant with a p-value of 0.04.
Conclusion: Pneumonia (lobar pneumonia, interstitial
pneumonia, and bronchopneumonia) is the most common
histopathological lung lesion in the present study. Compare
to pre COVID-19 era, there is increased number of infective
lesions during COVID-19 era. There was a drastic increase in
pathological findings of Kochs lesion during COVID-19 era. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:09:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e2d971a960cd4104a5426db253bb0e52 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:09:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-e2d971a960cd4104a5426db253bb0e522023-08-21T10:02:56ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2023-08-01178071110.7860/JCDR/2023/63723.18258Histopathological Analysis of Lung Infections during Pre and Post COVID-19 Eras: Insights from a Four-Year Autopsy Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, IndiaYogambal Muthureddy0Mahalakshmi Kandasamy1Selvam Abathu katha pillai2Swaminathan Kalyanasundaram3Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Tirunelveli Medical College Tiruelveli, Tamilnadu, India.Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Tirunelveli Medical College Tiruelveli, Tamilnadu, India.Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Tirunelveli Medical College Tiruelveli, Tamilnadu, India.Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Tirunelveli Medical College Tiruelveli, Tamilnadu, India.Introduction: Autopsies are routinely useful in establishing the cause and time of death. The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic viral infectious disease, has affected many countries worldwide. In developing countries like India, infectious lung pathology has been a significant cause of death even before the COVID-19 era. However, the emergence of COVID-19, there has been an increase in lung infections due to factors such as prolonged hospital stays, assisted ventilation, lung damage, and immune suppression, affecting both morbid patients and survivors. Aim: To describe the histopathological spectrum of infective lesions of lung in autopsy during Pre COVID-19 and COVID-19 era in a tertiary care hospital of Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India, between January 2018 and December 2021. Data including age, sex, COVID-19 status, clinical history, histomorphological patterns, and identification of infectious agents, were collected from clinico-pathological and autopsy documents. A total of 627 lung specimens were available, with 41 specimens being autolyzed, leaving 586 specimens for inclusion in the study. Gross morphology and microscopic features were documented, and diagnoses were made based on these findings. Results: The study included a total of 586 specimens, of which 76 (12.9%) were reported as infective pathology. Among these cases, 29 (38.1%) cases were reported in the pre COVID19 period, and 47 (61.9%) were reported during the COVID19 period. Of the 76 cases, 41 (53.95%) were male, and 35 (46.05%) were female. The number of cases reported during the post COVID-19 period (47 cases, 61.84%) was higher than the number reported during the pre COVID-19 period (29 cases, 38.16%). In both periods, the majority of cases (10 cases, 13.1% in the pre COVID-19 period; 13 cases, (17.1%) in the post COVID-19 period) were observed in individuals aged 60 years and above, followed by those in the age group of 50 to 59 years (7 cases, 9.2%). Similarly, in the pre COVID-19 period; 10 cases, 13.2% in the post COVID-19 period). Among the 76 cases, interstitial pneumonia (9 cases, 11.8%) was the most common finding in the pre COVID-19 period, followed by bronchopneumonia (seven cases, 9.2%). In the COVID-19 period, Tuberculosis (TB) was the most common finding (17 cases, 22.4%), followed by pneumonia with consolidation (10 cases, 13.2%). Additionally, the number of cases diagnosed with pulmonary TB during the COVID-19 period (17 cases, 22.4%) was higher than that during the pre COVID-19 period (6 cases, 7.9%). During the post COVID-19 period, there has been a drastic increase in the number of pneumonia cases compared to the pre COVID-19 era, and this increase is statistically significant with a p-value of 0.04. Conclusion: Pneumonia (lobar pneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, and bronchopneumonia) is the most common histopathological lung lesion in the present study. Compare to pre COVID-19 era, there is increased number of infective lesions during COVID-19 era. There was a drastic increase in pathological findings of Kochs lesion during COVID-19 era.https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/18258/63723_CE[Ra1]_F(SK)_QC(SHK_RD_IS)_PF1(AKA_SS_OM)_PFA(OM)_PB(AKA_KM)_PN(KM).pdfaspergillomacoronavirus disease-2019pneumoniatuberculosis |
| spellingShingle | Yogambal Muthureddy Mahalakshmi Kandasamy Selvam Abathu katha pillai Swaminathan Kalyanasundaram Histopathological Analysis of Lung Infections during Pre and Post COVID-19 Eras: Insights from a Four-Year Autopsy Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research aspergilloma coronavirus disease-2019 pneumonia tuberculosis |
| title | Histopathological Analysis of Lung Infections during Pre and Post COVID-19 Eras: Insights from a Four-Year Autopsy Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India |
| title_full | Histopathological Analysis of Lung Infections during Pre and Post COVID-19 Eras: Insights from a Four-Year Autopsy Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India |
| title_fullStr | Histopathological Analysis of Lung Infections during Pre and Post COVID-19 Eras: Insights from a Four-Year Autopsy Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Histopathological Analysis of Lung Infections during Pre and Post COVID-19 Eras: Insights from a Four-Year Autopsy Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India |
| title_short | Histopathological Analysis of Lung Infections during Pre and Post COVID-19 Eras: Insights from a Four-Year Autopsy Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India |
| title_sort | histopathological analysis of lung infections during pre and post covid 19 eras insights from a four year autopsy study at a tertiary care hospital in tirunelveli tamil nadu india |
| topic | aspergilloma coronavirus disease-2019 pneumonia tuberculosis |
| url | https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/18258/63723_CE[Ra1]_F(SK)_QC(SHK_RD_IS)_PF1(AKA_SS_OM)_PFA(OM)_PB(AKA_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
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