The Venom Composition of the Snake Tribe Philodryadini: ‘Omic’ Techniques Reveal Intergeneric Variability among South American Racers
Snakes of the Philodryadini tribe are included in the Dipsadidae family, which is a diverse group of rear-fanged snakes widespread in different ecological conditions, including habitats and diet. However, little is known about the composition and effects of their venoms despite their relevance for u...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/7/415 |
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| author | Emilly Campos Tioyama Juan David Bayona-Serrano José A. Portes-Junior Pedro Gabriel Nachtigall Vinicius Carius de Souza Emidio Beraldo-Neto Felipe Gobbi Grazziotin Inácio L. M. Junqueira-de-Azevedo Ana Maria Moura-da-Silva Luciana Aparecida Freitas-de-Sousa |
| author_facet | Emilly Campos Tioyama Juan David Bayona-Serrano José A. Portes-Junior Pedro Gabriel Nachtigall Vinicius Carius de Souza Emidio Beraldo-Neto Felipe Gobbi Grazziotin Inácio L. M. Junqueira-de-Azevedo Ana Maria Moura-da-Silva Luciana Aparecida Freitas-de-Sousa |
| author_sort | Emilly Campos Tioyama |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Snakes of the Philodryadini tribe are included in the Dipsadidae family, which is a diverse group of rear-fanged snakes widespread in different ecological conditions, including habitats and diet. However, little is known about the composition and effects of their venoms despite their relevance for understanding the evolution of these snakes or even their impact on the occasional cases of human envenoming. In this study, we integrated venom gland transcriptomics, venom proteomics and functional assays to characterize the venoms from eight species of the Philodryadini tribe, which includes the genus <i>Philodryas</i>, <i>Chlorosoma</i> and <i>Xenoxybelis</i>. The most abundant components identified in the venoms were snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), C-type lectins (CTLs), snake endogenous matrix metalloproteinases type 9 (seMMP-9) and snake venom serinoproteinases (SVSPs). These protein families showed a variable expression profile in each genus. SVMPs were the most abundant components in <i>Philodryas</i>, while seMMP-9 and CRISPs were the most expressed in <i>Chlorosoma</i> and <i>Xenoxybelis</i>, respectively. Lineage-specific differences in venom composition were also observed among <i>Philodryas</i> species, whereas <i>P. olfersii</i> presented the highest amount of SVSPs and <i>P. agassizii</i> was the only species to express significant amounts of 3FTx. The variability observed in venom composition was confirmed by the venom functional assays. <i>Philodryas</i> species presented the highest SVMP activity, whereas <i>Chlorosoma</i> species showed higher levels of gelatin activity, which may correlate to the seMMP-9 enzymes. The variability observed in the composition of these venoms may be related to the tribe phylogeny and influenced by their diets. In the presented study, we expanded the set of venomics studies of the Philodryadini tribe, which paves new roads for further studies on the evolution and ecology of Dipsadidae snakes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:35:40Z |
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| id | doaj.art-e2dcba6565ec4b37998f8ae85a348727 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:35:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
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| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-e2dcba6565ec4b37998f8ae85a3487272023-11-18T21:37:52ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512023-06-0115741510.3390/toxins15070415The Venom Composition of the Snake Tribe Philodryadini: ‘Omic’ Techniques Reveal Intergeneric Variability among South American RacersEmilly Campos Tioyama0Juan David Bayona-Serrano1José A. Portes-Junior2Pedro Gabriel Nachtigall3Vinicius Carius de Souza4Emidio Beraldo-Neto5Felipe Gobbi Grazziotin6Inácio L. M. Junqueira-de-Azevedo7Ana Maria Moura-da-Silva8Luciana Aparecida Freitas-de-Sousa9Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências-Toxinologia, Escola Superior do Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-210, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências-Toxinologia, Escola Superior do Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-210, BrazilLaboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, BrazilLaboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, BrazilLaboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, BrazilLaboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, BrazilLaboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, BrazilLaboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, BrazilLaboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, BrazilLaboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, BrazilSnakes of the Philodryadini tribe are included in the Dipsadidae family, which is a diverse group of rear-fanged snakes widespread in different ecological conditions, including habitats and diet. However, little is known about the composition and effects of their venoms despite their relevance for understanding the evolution of these snakes or even their impact on the occasional cases of human envenoming. In this study, we integrated venom gland transcriptomics, venom proteomics and functional assays to characterize the venoms from eight species of the Philodryadini tribe, which includes the genus <i>Philodryas</i>, <i>Chlorosoma</i> and <i>Xenoxybelis</i>. The most abundant components identified in the venoms were snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), C-type lectins (CTLs), snake endogenous matrix metalloproteinases type 9 (seMMP-9) and snake venom serinoproteinases (SVSPs). These protein families showed a variable expression profile in each genus. SVMPs were the most abundant components in <i>Philodryas</i>, while seMMP-9 and CRISPs were the most expressed in <i>Chlorosoma</i> and <i>Xenoxybelis</i>, respectively. Lineage-specific differences in venom composition were also observed among <i>Philodryas</i> species, whereas <i>P. olfersii</i> presented the highest amount of SVSPs and <i>P. agassizii</i> was the only species to express significant amounts of 3FTx. The variability observed in venom composition was confirmed by the venom functional assays. <i>Philodryas</i> species presented the highest SVMP activity, whereas <i>Chlorosoma</i> species showed higher levels of gelatin activity, which may correlate to the seMMP-9 enzymes. The variability observed in the composition of these venoms may be related to the tribe phylogeny and influenced by their diets. In the presented study, we expanded the set of venomics studies of the Philodryadini tribe, which paves new roads for further studies on the evolution and ecology of Dipsadidae snakes.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/7/415venom composition<i>Philodryas</i>snake endogenous matrix metalloproteinases type 9 (seMMP-9)enzymatic assays |
| spellingShingle | Emilly Campos Tioyama Juan David Bayona-Serrano José A. Portes-Junior Pedro Gabriel Nachtigall Vinicius Carius de Souza Emidio Beraldo-Neto Felipe Gobbi Grazziotin Inácio L. M. Junqueira-de-Azevedo Ana Maria Moura-da-Silva Luciana Aparecida Freitas-de-Sousa The Venom Composition of the Snake Tribe Philodryadini: ‘Omic’ Techniques Reveal Intergeneric Variability among South American Racers Toxins venom composition <i>Philodryas</i> snake endogenous matrix metalloproteinases type 9 (seMMP-9) enzymatic assays |
| title | The Venom Composition of the Snake Tribe Philodryadini: ‘Omic’ Techniques Reveal Intergeneric Variability among South American Racers |
| title_full | The Venom Composition of the Snake Tribe Philodryadini: ‘Omic’ Techniques Reveal Intergeneric Variability among South American Racers |
| title_fullStr | The Venom Composition of the Snake Tribe Philodryadini: ‘Omic’ Techniques Reveal Intergeneric Variability among South American Racers |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Venom Composition of the Snake Tribe Philodryadini: ‘Omic’ Techniques Reveal Intergeneric Variability among South American Racers |
| title_short | The Venom Composition of the Snake Tribe Philodryadini: ‘Omic’ Techniques Reveal Intergeneric Variability among South American Racers |
| title_sort | venom composition of the snake tribe philodryadini omic techniques reveal intergeneric variability among south american racers |
| topic | venom composition <i>Philodryas</i> snake endogenous matrix metalloproteinases type 9 (seMMP-9) enzymatic assays |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/7/415 |
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