Stressing over the Complexities of Multiple Stressors in Marine and Estuarine Systems
Aquatic ecosystems are increasingly threatened by multiple human-induced stressors associated with climate and anthropogenic changes, including warming, nutrient pollution, harmful algal blooms, hypoxia, and changes in CO2 and pH. These stressors may affect systems additively and synergistically but...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research |
| Online Access: | https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/2022/9787258 |
| _version_ | 1797729131396333568 |
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| author | Patricia M. Glibert Wei-Jun Cai Emily R. Hall Ming Li Kevan L. Main Kenneth A. Rose Jeremy M. Testa Nayani K. Vidyarathna |
| author_facet | Patricia M. Glibert Wei-Jun Cai Emily R. Hall Ming Li Kevan L. Main Kenneth A. Rose Jeremy M. Testa Nayani K. Vidyarathna |
| author_sort | Patricia M. Glibert |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aquatic ecosystems are increasingly threatened by multiple human-induced stressors associated with climate and anthropogenic changes, including warming, nutrient pollution, harmful algal blooms, hypoxia, and changes in CO2 and pH. These stressors may affect systems additively and synergistically but may also counteract each other. The resultant ecosystem changes occur rapidly, affecting both biotic and abiotic components and their interactions. Moreover, the complexity of interactions increases as one ascends the food web due to differing sensitivities and exposures among life stages and associated species interactions, such as competition and predation. There is also a need to further understand nontraditional food web interactions, such as mixotrophy, which is the ability to combine photosynthesis and feeding by a single organism. The complexity of these interactions and nontraditional food webs presents challenges to ecosystem modeling and management. Developing ecological models to understand multistressor effects is further challenged by the lack of sufficient data on the effects of interactive stressors across different trophic levels and the substantial variability in climate changes on regional scales. To obtain data on a broad suite of interactions, a nested set of experiments can be employed. Modular, coupled, multitrophic level models will provide the flexibility to explore the additive, amplified, propagated, antagonistic, and/or reduced effects that can emerge from the interactions of multiple stressors. Here, the stressors associated with eutrophication and climate change are reviewed, and then example systems from around the world are used to illustrate their complexity and how model scenarios can be used to examine potential future changes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:24:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e2eeb63dfece45aea32001051a309c9c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2771-0378 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:24:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-e2eeb63dfece45aea32001051a309c9c2023-09-01T12:37:28ZengAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research2771-03782022-01-01202210.34133/2022/9787258Stressing over the Complexities of Multiple Stressors in Marine and Estuarine SystemsPatricia M. Glibert0Wei-Jun Cai1Emily R. Hall2Ming Li3Kevan L. Main4Kenneth A. Rose5Jeremy M. Testa6Nayani K. Vidyarathna71 University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, PO Box 775, Cambridge, USA2 School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, 111 Robinson Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA3 Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236USA1 University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, PO Box 775, Cambridge, USA3 Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236USA1 University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, PO Box 775, Cambridge, USA4 University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, PO Box 38, Solomons, USA1 University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, PO Box 775, Cambridge, USAAquatic ecosystems are increasingly threatened by multiple human-induced stressors associated with climate and anthropogenic changes, including warming, nutrient pollution, harmful algal blooms, hypoxia, and changes in CO2 and pH. These stressors may affect systems additively and synergistically but may also counteract each other. The resultant ecosystem changes occur rapidly, affecting both biotic and abiotic components and their interactions. Moreover, the complexity of interactions increases as one ascends the food web due to differing sensitivities and exposures among life stages and associated species interactions, such as competition and predation. There is also a need to further understand nontraditional food web interactions, such as mixotrophy, which is the ability to combine photosynthesis and feeding by a single organism. The complexity of these interactions and nontraditional food webs presents challenges to ecosystem modeling and management. Developing ecological models to understand multistressor effects is further challenged by the lack of sufficient data on the effects of interactive stressors across different trophic levels and the substantial variability in climate changes on regional scales. To obtain data on a broad suite of interactions, a nested set of experiments can be employed. Modular, coupled, multitrophic level models will provide the flexibility to explore the additive, amplified, propagated, antagonistic, and/or reduced effects that can emerge from the interactions of multiple stressors. Here, the stressors associated with eutrophication and climate change are reviewed, and then example systems from around the world are used to illustrate their complexity and how model scenarios can be used to examine potential future changes.https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/2022/9787258 |
| spellingShingle | Patricia M. Glibert Wei-Jun Cai Emily R. Hall Ming Li Kevan L. Main Kenneth A. Rose Jeremy M. Testa Nayani K. Vidyarathna Stressing over the Complexities of Multiple Stressors in Marine and Estuarine Systems Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research |
| title | Stressing over the Complexities of Multiple Stressors in Marine and Estuarine Systems |
| title_full | Stressing over the Complexities of Multiple Stressors in Marine and Estuarine Systems |
| title_fullStr | Stressing over the Complexities of Multiple Stressors in Marine and Estuarine Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stressing over the Complexities of Multiple Stressors in Marine and Estuarine Systems |
| title_short | Stressing over the Complexities of Multiple Stressors in Marine and Estuarine Systems |
| title_sort | stressing over the complexities of multiple stressors in marine and estuarine systems |
| url | https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/2022/9787258 |
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