Opportunities and Possibilities of Developing an Advanced Precision Spraying System for Tree Fruits
Reducing risk from pesticide applications has been gaining serious attention in the last few decades due to the significant damage to human health, environment, and ecosystems. Pesticide applications are an essential part of current agriculture, enhancing cultivated crop productivity and quality and...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3262 |
| _version_ | 1827693099589042176 |
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| author | Md Sultan Mahmud Azlan Zahid Long He Phillip Martin |
| author_facet | Md Sultan Mahmud Azlan Zahid Long He Phillip Martin |
| author_sort | Md Sultan Mahmud |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Reducing risk from pesticide applications has been gaining serious attention in the last few decades due to the significant damage to human health, environment, and ecosystems. Pesticide applications are an essential part of current agriculture, enhancing cultivated crop productivity and quality and preventing losses of up to 45% of the world food supply. However, inappropriate and excessive use of pesticides is a major rising concern. Precision spraying addresses these concerns by precisely and efficiently applying pesticides to the target area and substantially reducing pesticide usage while maintaining efficacy at preventing crop losses. This review provides a systematic summary of current technologies used for precision spraying in tree fruits and highlights their potential, briefly discusses factors affecting spraying parameters, and concludes with possible solutions to reduce excessive agrochemical uses. We conclude there is a critical need for appropriate sensing techniques that can accurately detect the target. In addition, air jet velocity, travel speed, wind speed and direction, droplet size, and canopy characteristics need to be considered for successful droplet deposition by the spraying system. Assessment of terrain is important when field elevation has significant variability. Control of airflow during spraying is another important parameter that needs to be considered. Incorporation of these variables in precision spraying systems will optimize spray decisions and help reduce excessive agrochemical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:37:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e3022403934f4ff4a4fccf658adede58 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:37:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-e3022403934f4ff4a4fccf658adede582023-11-21T18:48:28ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-05-01219326210.3390/s21093262Opportunities and Possibilities of Developing an Advanced Precision Spraying System for Tree FruitsMd Sultan Mahmud0Azlan Zahid1Long He2Phillip Martin3Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USADepartment of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USADepartment of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USAFruit Research and Extension Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Biglerville, PA 17307, USAReducing risk from pesticide applications has been gaining serious attention in the last few decades due to the significant damage to human health, environment, and ecosystems. Pesticide applications are an essential part of current agriculture, enhancing cultivated crop productivity and quality and preventing losses of up to 45% of the world food supply. However, inappropriate and excessive use of pesticides is a major rising concern. Precision spraying addresses these concerns by precisely and efficiently applying pesticides to the target area and substantially reducing pesticide usage while maintaining efficacy at preventing crop losses. This review provides a systematic summary of current technologies used for precision spraying in tree fruits and highlights their potential, briefly discusses factors affecting spraying parameters, and concludes with possible solutions to reduce excessive agrochemical uses. We conclude there is a critical need for appropriate sensing techniques that can accurately detect the target. In addition, air jet velocity, travel speed, wind speed and direction, droplet size, and canopy characteristics need to be considered for successful droplet deposition by the spraying system. Assessment of terrain is important when field elevation has significant variability. Control of airflow during spraying is another important parameter that needs to be considered. Incorporation of these variables in precision spraying systems will optimize spray decisions and help reduce excessive agrochemical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3262crop protectioncanopy detectioncanopy densitycanopy volumedeep learningmachine vision |
| spellingShingle | Md Sultan Mahmud Azlan Zahid Long He Phillip Martin Opportunities and Possibilities of Developing an Advanced Precision Spraying System for Tree Fruits Sensors crop protection canopy detection canopy density canopy volume deep learning machine vision |
| title | Opportunities and Possibilities of Developing an Advanced Precision Spraying System for Tree Fruits |
| title_full | Opportunities and Possibilities of Developing an Advanced Precision Spraying System for Tree Fruits |
| title_fullStr | Opportunities and Possibilities of Developing an Advanced Precision Spraying System for Tree Fruits |
| title_full_unstemmed | Opportunities and Possibilities of Developing an Advanced Precision Spraying System for Tree Fruits |
| title_short | Opportunities and Possibilities of Developing an Advanced Precision Spraying System for Tree Fruits |
| title_sort | opportunities and possibilities of developing an advanced precision spraying system for tree fruits |
| topic | crop protection canopy detection canopy density canopy volume deep learning machine vision |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3262 |
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