Ethylene: A Master Regulator of Plant–Microbe Interactions under Abiotic Stresses
The plant phytohormone ethylene regulates numerous physiological processes and contributes to plant–microbe interactions. Plants induce ethylene production to ward off pathogens after recognition of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). However, plant immune responses against path...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/1/31 |
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| author | Kirti Shekhawat Katja Fröhlich Gabriel X. García-Ramírez Marilia A. Trapp Heribert Hirt |
| author_facet | Kirti Shekhawat Katja Fröhlich Gabriel X. García-Ramírez Marilia A. Trapp Heribert Hirt |
| author_sort | Kirti Shekhawat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The plant phytohormone ethylene regulates numerous physiological processes and contributes to plant–microbe interactions. Plants induce ethylene production to ward off pathogens after recognition of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). However, plant immune responses against pathogens are essentially not different from those triggered by neutral and beneficial microbes. Recent studies indicate that ethylene is an important factor for beneficial plant–microbial association under abiotic stress such as salt and heat stress. The association of beneficial microbes with plants under abiotic stresses modulates ethylene levels which control the expression of ethylene-responsive genes (<i>ERF</i>), and <i>ERF</i>s further regulate the plant transcriptome, epi-transcriptome, Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> homeostasis and antioxidant defense mechanisms against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Understanding ethylene-dependent plant–microbe interactions is crucial for the development of new strategies aimed at enhancing plant tolerance to harsh environmental conditions. In this review, we underline the importance of ethylene in beneficial plant–microbe interaction under abiotic stresses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:06:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e3027b88d1c748a68a315b9458a4ca69 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:06:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-e3027b88d1c748a68a315b9458a4ca692023-11-16T15:05:08ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-12-011213110.3390/cells12010031Ethylene: A Master Regulator of Plant–Microbe Interactions under Abiotic StressesKirti Shekhawat0Katja Fröhlich1Gabriel X. García-Ramírez2Marilia A. Trapp3Heribert Hirt4DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental, Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi ArabiaDARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental, Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi ArabiaDARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental, Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi ArabiaDARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental, Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi ArabiaDARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental, Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi ArabiaThe plant phytohormone ethylene regulates numerous physiological processes and contributes to plant–microbe interactions. Plants induce ethylene production to ward off pathogens after recognition of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). However, plant immune responses against pathogens are essentially not different from those triggered by neutral and beneficial microbes. Recent studies indicate that ethylene is an important factor for beneficial plant–microbial association under abiotic stress such as salt and heat stress. The association of beneficial microbes with plants under abiotic stresses modulates ethylene levels which control the expression of ethylene-responsive genes (<i>ERF</i>), and <i>ERF</i>s further regulate the plant transcriptome, epi-transcriptome, Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> homeostasis and antioxidant defense mechanisms against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Understanding ethylene-dependent plant–microbe interactions is crucial for the development of new strategies aimed at enhancing plant tolerance to harsh environmental conditions. In this review, we underline the importance of ethylene in beneficial plant–microbe interaction under abiotic stresses.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/1/31Ethyleneplant-microbe interactionsabiotic stressestranscriptomereactive oxygen species |
| spellingShingle | Kirti Shekhawat Katja Fröhlich Gabriel X. García-Ramírez Marilia A. Trapp Heribert Hirt Ethylene: A Master Regulator of Plant–Microbe Interactions under Abiotic Stresses Cells Ethylene plant-microbe interactions abiotic stresses transcriptome reactive oxygen species |
| title | Ethylene: A Master Regulator of Plant–Microbe Interactions under Abiotic Stresses |
| title_full | Ethylene: A Master Regulator of Plant–Microbe Interactions under Abiotic Stresses |
| title_fullStr | Ethylene: A Master Regulator of Plant–Microbe Interactions under Abiotic Stresses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ethylene: A Master Regulator of Plant–Microbe Interactions under Abiotic Stresses |
| title_short | Ethylene: A Master Regulator of Plant–Microbe Interactions under Abiotic Stresses |
| title_sort | ethylene a master regulator of plant microbe interactions under abiotic stresses |
| topic | Ethylene plant-microbe interactions abiotic stresses transcriptome reactive oxygen species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/1/31 |
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