Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers in paired breast milk and indoor dust: A pilot prospective study
Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers (FLCMs), one class of emerging persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) compounds, are widely used in liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). As a result, they have been found in the environment and serum from occupational workers. However, little is known about their...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Environment International |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412023002660 |
| _version_ | 1797812134837485568 |
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| author | Runhui Yang Xinyi Wang Yumin Niu Xianggui Chen Bing Shao |
| author_facet | Runhui Yang Xinyi Wang Yumin Niu Xianggui Chen Bing Shao |
| author_sort | Runhui Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers (FLCMs), one class of emerging persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) compounds, are widely used in liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). As a result, they have been found in the environment and serum from occupational workers. However, little is known about their occurrence in non-occupational exposing populations. Herein, we provided an evaluation of the health risks of FLCMs for infants based on breastfeeding exposure and dust ingestion. The detection frequencies (DF) of FLCMs in indoor dust and breast milk was 100 %, with median concentrations of 12.00 ng/g dry weight (dw) and 133.40 ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively. 1-butoxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzene (BDPrB) was the predominant pollutant in indoor dust and human breast milk. Significant positive correlations were observed between the dust concentrations of seven FLCMs including BDPrB, and their breast milk concentrations (r = 0.275–0.660, P < 0.05). Further, associations were also found in some demographic and behavioral factors and concentrations of some FLCMs (P < 0.05). The highest EDI of ∑FLCMs was observed for infants who were < 1 month of age, with a median breast milk intake of 700.35 ng/kg bw/day, in which 1-ethoxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzene (EDPrB), BDPrB, and 4′-[(trans, trans)-4′-butyl[1,1′-bicyclohexyl]-4-yl]-3,4-difluoro-1,1′-biphenyl (BBDB) collectively contributed 94.4 % of the total EDIs. Notably, the lactational intake of FLCMs was higher than that of some environmental pollutants (EPs). Overall, our results suggest higher exposure risks for infants and breastfeeding is the predominant exposure route for daily intake of FLCMs for infants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:33:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e30f56312b184a14a79d35cf18a59013 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0160-4120 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:33:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environment International |
| spelling | doaj.art-e30f56312b184a14a79d35cf18a590132023-06-04T04:23:08ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202023-06-01176107993Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers in paired breast milk and indoor dust: A pilot prospective studyRunhui Yang0Xinyi Wang1Yumin Niu2Xianggui Chen3Bing Shao4College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, ChinaSchool of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Corresponding author at: Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers (FLCMs), one class of emerging persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) compounds, are widely used in liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). As a result, they have been found in the environment and serum from occupational workers. However, little is known about their occurrence in non-occupational exposing populations. Herein, we provided an evaluation of the health risks of FLCMs for infants based on breastfeeding exposure and dust ingestion. The detection frequencies (DF) of FLCMs in indoor dust and breast milk was 100 %, with median concentrations of 12.00 ng/g dry weight (dw) and 133.40 ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively. 1-butoxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzene (BDPrB) was the predominant pollutant in indoor dust and human breast milk. Significant positive correlations were observed between the dust concentrations of seven FLCMs including BDPrB, and their breast milk concentrations (r = 0.275–0.660, P < 0.05). Further, associations were also found in some demographic and behavioral factors and concentrations of some FLCMs (P < 0.05). The highest EDI of ∑FLCMs was observed for infants who were < 1 month of age, with a median breast milk intake of 700.35 ng/kg bw/day, in which 1-ethoxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzene (EDPrB), BDPrB, and 4′-[(trans, trans)-4′-butyl[1,1′-bicyclohexyl]-4-yl]-3,4-difluoro-1,1′-biphenyl (BBDB) collectively contributed 94.4 % of the total EDIs. Notably, the lactational intake of FLCMs was higher than that of some environmental pollutants (EPs). Overall, our results suggest higher exposure risks for infants and breastfeeding is the predominant exposure route for daily intake of FLCMs for infants.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412023002660Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomersBreast milkIndoor dustExposure routes for infants |
| spellingShingle | Runhui Yang Xinyi Wang Yumin Niu Xianggui Chen Bing Shao Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers in paired breast milk and indoor dust: A pilot prospective study Environment International Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers Breast milk Indoor dust Exposure routes for infants |
| title | Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers in paired breast milk and indoor dust: A pilot prospective study |
| title_full | Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers in paired breast milk and indoor dust: A pilot prospective study |
| title_fullStr | Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers in paired breast milk and indoor dust: A pilot prospective study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers in paired breast milk and indoor dust: A pilot prospective study |
| title_short | Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers in paired breast milk and indoor dust: A pilot prospective study |
| title_sort | fluorinated liquid crystal monomers in paired breast milk and indoor dust a pilot prospective study |
| topic | Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers Breast milk Indoor dust Exposure routes for infants |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412023002660 |
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