Dynamics of the Enteric Virome in a Swine Herd Affected by Non-PCV2/PRRSV Postweaning Wasting Syndrome
A commercial pig farm with no history of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) repeatedly reported a significant reduction in body weight gain and wasting symptoms in approximately 20–30% of the pigs in the period between three and six weeks after...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/12/2538 |
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| author | Alba Folgueiras-González Robin van den Braak Martin Deijs Wikke Kuller Steven Sietsma Valentijn Thuring Lia van der Hoek Ad de Groof |
| author_facet | Alba Folgueiras-González Robin van den Braak Martin Deijs Wikke Kuller Steven Sietsma Valentijn Thuring Lia van der Hoek Ad de Groof |
| author_sort | Alba Folgueiras-González |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A commercial pig farm with no history of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) repeatedly reported a significant reduction in body weight gain and wasting symptoms in approximately 20–30% of the pigs in the period between three and six weeks after weaning. As standard clinical interventions failed to tackle symptomatology, viral metagenomics were used to describe and monitor the enteric virome at birth, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 9 weeks of age. The latter four sampling points were 7 days, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks post weaning, respectively. Fourteen distinct enteric viruses were identified within the herd, which all have previously been linked to enteric diseases. Here we show that wasting is associated with alterations in the enteric virome of the pigs, characterized by: (1) the presence of enterovirus G at 3 weeks of age, followed by a higher prevalence of the virus in wasting pigs at 6 weeks after weaning; (2) rotaviruses at 3 weeks of age; and (3) porcine sapovirus one week after weaning. However, the data do not provide a causal link between specific viral infections and the postweaning clinical problems on the farm. Together, our results offer evidence that disturbances in the enteric virome at the preweaning stage and early after weaning have a determining role in the development of intestinal barrier dysfunctions and nutrient uptake in the postweaning growth phase. Moreover, we show that the enteric viral load sharply increases in the week after weaning in both healthy and wasting pigs. This study is also the first to report the dynamics and co-infection of porcine rotavirus species and porcine astrovirus genetic lineages during the first 9 weeks of the life of domestic pigs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:54:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e312b642316943af9ff96a63f9e08127 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:54:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-e312b642316943af9ff96a63f9e081272023-11-23T10:59:21ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-12-011312253810.3390/v13122538Dynamics of the Enteric Virome in a Swine Herd Affected by Non-PCV2/PRRSV Postweaning Wasting SyndromeAlba Folgueiras-González0Robin van den Braak1Martin Deijs2Wikke Kuller3Steven Sietsma4Valentijn Thuring5Lia van der Hoek6Ad de Groof7Department Discovery & Technology, MSD Animal Health, Wim de Körverstraat 35, P.O. Box 31, 5830 AA Boxmeer, The NetherlandsDepartment Discovery & Technology, MSD Animal Health, Wim de Körverstraat 35, P.O. Box 31, 5830 AA Boxmeer, The NetherlandsLaboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsULP-Farm Animal Practice, Reijerscopse Overgang 1, 3481 LZ Harmelen, The NetherlandsULP-Farm Animal Practice, Reijerscopse Overgang 1, 3481 LZ Harmelen, The NetherlandsPig Veterinary Practice Varkensartsen Nederland, Markgraven Dierenartsen, Almeloseweg 169, 7615 NA Harbrinkhoek, The NetherlandsLaboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment Discovery & Technology, MSD Animal Health, Wim de Körverstraat 35, P.O. Box 31, 5830 AA Boxmeer, The NetherlandsA commercial pig farm with no history of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) repeatedly reported a significant reduction in body weight gain and wasting symptoms in approximately 20–30% of the pigs in the period between three and six weeks after weaning. As standard clinical interventions failed to tackle symptomatology, viral metagenomics were used to describe and monitor the enteric virome at birth, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 9 weeks of age. The latter four sampling points were 7 days, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks post weaning, respectively. Fourteen distinct enteric viruses were identified within the herd, which all have previously been linked to enteric diseases. Here we show that wasting is associated with alterations in the enteric virome of the pigs, characterized by: (1) the presence of enterovirus G at 3 weeks of age, followed by a higher prevalence of the virus in wasting pigs at 6 weeks after weaning; (2) rotaviruses at 3 weeks of age; and (3) porcine sapovirus one week after weaning. However, the data do not provide a causal link between specific viral infections and the postweaning clinical problems on the farm. Together, our results offer evidence that disturbances in the enteric virome at the preweaning stage and early after weaning have a determining role in the development of intestinal barrier dysfunctions and nutrient uptake in the postweaning growth phase. Moreover, we show that the enteric viral load sharply increases in the week after weaning in both healthy and wasting pigs. This study is also the first to report the dynamics and co-infection of porcine rotavirus species and porcine astrovirus genetic lineages during the first 9 weeks of the life of domestic pigs.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/12/2538swinepostweaningwastingfailure to thrive syndrome (PFTS)viromemetagenomics |
| spellingShingle | Alba Folgueiras-González Robin van den Braak Martin Deijs Wikke Kuller Steven Sietsma Valentijn Thuring Lia van der Hoek Ad de Groof Dynamics of the Enteric Virome in a Swine Herd Affected by Non-PCV2/PRRSV Postweaning Wasting Syndrome Viruses swine postweaning wasting failure to thrive syndrome (PFTS) virome metagenomics |
| title | Dynamics of the Enteric Virome in a Swine Herd Affected by Non-PCV2/PRRSV Postweaning Wasting Syndrome |
| title_full | Dynamics of the Enteric Virome in a Swine Herd Affected by Non-PCV2/PRRSV Postweaning Wasting Syndrome |
| title_fullStr | Dynamics of the Enteric Virome in a Swine Herd Affected by Non-PCV2/PRRSV Postweaning Wasting Syndrome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamics of the Enteric Virome in a Swine Herd Affected by Non-PCV2/PRRSV Postweaning Wasting Syndrome |
| title_short | Dynamics of the Enteric Virome in a Swine Herd Affected by Non-PCV2/PRRSV Postweaning Wasting Syndrome |
| title_sort | dynamics of the enteric virome in a swine herd affected by non pcv2 prrsv postweaning wasting syndrome |
| topic | swine postweaning wasting failure to thrive syndrome (PFTS) virome metagenomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/12/2538 |
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