Characterizing the Role of <i>AosfgA</i> and <i>AofluG</i> in Mycelial and Conidial Development in <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i> and Their Role in Secondary Metabolism
<i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i>, a widespread nematode-trapping fungus which can produce conidia for asexual reproduction and form trapping devices (traps) to catch nematodes. However, little is known about the sporulation mechanism of <i>A. oligospora</i>. This research chara...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/3/615 |
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| author | Qianqian Liu Na Bai Shipeng Duan Yanmei Shen Lirong Zhu Jinkui Yang |
| author_facet | Qianqian Liu Na Bai Shipeng Duan Yanmei Shen Lirong Zhu Jinkui Yang |
| author_sort | Qianqian Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i>, a widespread nematode-trapping fungus which can produce conidia for asexual reproduction and form trapping devices (traps) to catch nematodes. However, little is known about the sporulation mechanism of <i>A. oligospora</i>. This research characterized the functions and regulatory roles of the upstream spore-producing regulatory genes, <i>AosfgA</i> and <i>AofluG</i>, in <i>A. oligospora</i>. Our analysis showed that <i>AosfgA</i> and <i>AofluG</i> interacted with each other. Meanwhile, the <i>AofluG</i> gene was downregulated in the Δ<i>AosfgA</i> mutant strain, indicating that <i>AosfgA</i> positively regulates <i>AofluG</i>. Loss of the <i>AosfgA</i> and <i>AofluG</i> genes led to shorter hyphae and more septa, and the Δ<i>AosfgA</i> strain responded to heat and chemical stresses. Surprisingly, the number of nuclei was increased in the mycelia but reduced in the conidia of the Δ<i>AosfgA</i> and Δ<i>AofluG</i> mutants. In addition, after nematode induction, the number and volume of vacuoles were remarkably increased in the Δ<i>AosfgA</i> and Δ<i>AofluG</i> mutant strains. The abundance of metabolites was markedly decreased in the Δ<i>AosfgA</i> and Δ<i>AofluG</i> mutant strains. Collectively, the <i>AosfgA</i> and <i>AofluG</i> genes play critical roles in mycelial development, and they are also involved in vacuole assembly, the stress response, and secondary metabolism. Our study provides distinct insights into the regulatory mechanism of sporulation in nematode-trapping fungi. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:59:53Z |
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| id | doaj.art-e31cff9969254bbb97150d418b7f45e2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:59:53Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-e31cff9969254bbb97150d418b7f45e22024-03-27T13:56:00ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-03-0112361510.3390/microorganisms12030615Characterizing the Role of <i>AosfgA</i> and <i>AofluG</i> in Mycelial and Conidial Development in <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i> and Their Role in Secondary MetabolismQianqian Liu0Na Bai1Shipeng Duan2Yanmei Shen3Lirong Zhu4Jinkui Yang5State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China<i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i>, a widespread nematode-trapping fungus which can produce conidia for asexual reproduction and form trapping devices (traps) to catch nematodes. However, little is known about the sporulation mechanism of <i>A. oligospora</i>. This research characterized the functions and regulatory roles of the upstream spore-producing regulatory genes, <i>AosfgA</i> and <i>AofluG</i>, in <i>A. oligospora</i>. Our analysis showed that <i>AosfgA</i> and <i>AofluG</i> interacted with each other. Meanwhile, the <i>AofluG</i> gene was downregulated in the Δ<i>AosfgA</i> mutant strain, indicating that <i>AosfgA</i> positively regulates <i>AofluG</i>. Loss of the <i>AosfgA</i> and <i>AofluG</i> genes led to shorter hyphae and more septa, and the Δ<i>AosfgA</i> strain responded to heat and chemical stresses. Surprisingly, the number of nuclei was increased in the mycelia but reduced in the conidia of the Δ<i>AosfgA</i> and Δ<i>AofluG</i> mutants. In addition, after nematode induction, the number and volume of vacuoles were remarkably increased in the Δ<i>AosfgA</i> and Δ<i>AofluG</i> mutant strains. The abundance of metabolites was markedly decreased in the Δ<i>AosfgA</i> and Δ<i>AofluG</i> mutant strains. Collectively, the <i>AosfgA</i> and <i>AofluG</i> genes play critical roles in mycelial development, and they are also involved in vacuole assembly, the stress response, and secondary metabolism. Our study provides distinct insights into the regulatory mechanism of sporulation in nematode-trapping fungi.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/3/615<i>Arthrospora oligospora</i>sporulation-related genesvacuole assemblysecondary metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Qianqian Liu Na Bai Shipeng Duan Yanmei Shen Lirong Zhu Jinkui Yang Characterizing the Role of <i>AosfgA</i> and <i>AofluG</i> in Mycelial and Conidial Development in <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i> and Their Role in Secondary Metabolism Microorganisms <i>Arthrospora oligospora</i> sporulation-related genes vacuole assembly secondary metabolism |
| title | Characterizing the Role of <i>AosfgA</i> and <i>AofluG</i> in Mycelial and Conidial Development in <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i> and Their Role in Secondary Metabolism |
| title_full | Characterizing the Role of <i>AosfgA</i> and <i>AofluG</i> in Mycelial and Conidial Development in <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i> and Their Role in Secondary Metabolism |
| title_fullStr | Characterizing the Role of <i>AosfgA</i> and <i>AofluG</i> in Mycelial and Conidial Development in <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i> and Their Role in Secondary Metabolism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterizing the Role of <i>AosfgA</i> and <i>AofluG</i> in Mycelial and Conidial Development in <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i> and Their Role in Secondary Metabolism |
| title_short | Characterizing the Role of <i>AosfgA</i> and <i>AofluG</i> in Mycelial and Conidial Development in <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i> and Their Role in Secondary Metabolism |
| title_sort | characterizing the role of i aosfga i and i aoflug i in mycelial and conidial development in i arthrobotrys oligospora i and their role in secondary metabolism |
| topic | <i>Arthrospora oligospora</i> sporulation-related genes vacuole assembly secondary metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/3/615 |
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