Apolipoprotein E in Cardiometabolic and Neurological Health and Diseases
A preponderance of evidence obtained from genetically modified mice and human population studies reveals the association of apolipoprotein E (apoE) deficiency and polymorphisms with pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, obesity/diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. The h...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/9892 |
| _version_ | 1797495221426061312 |
|---|---|
| author | Jeyashree Alagarsamy Anja Jaeschke David Y. Hui |
| author_facet | Jeyashree Alagarsamy Anja Jaeschke David Y. Hui |
| author_sort | Jeyashree Alagarsamy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A preponderance of evidence obtained from genetically modified mice and human population studies reveals the association of apolipoprotein E (apoE) deficiency and polymorphisms with pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, obesity/diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. The human <i>APOE</i> gene is polymorphic with three major alleles, ε2, ε3 and ε4, encoding apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, respectively. The <i>APOE</i> gene is expressed in many cell types, including hepatocytes, adipocytes, immune cells of the myeloid lineage, vascular smooth muscle cells, and in the brain. ApoE is present in subclasses of plasma lipoproteins, and it mediates the clearance of atherogenic lipoproteins from plasma circulation via its interaction with LDL receptor family proteins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Extracellular apoE also interacts with cell surface receptors and confers signaling events for cell regulation, while apoE expressed endogenously in various cell types regulates cell functions via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. This review article focuses on lipoprotein transport-dependent and -independent mechanisms by which apoE deficiency or polymorphisms contribute to cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, and neurological disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:44:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e335fe4445b641cfb7c83deb2bc5a302 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:44:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-e335fe4445b641cfb7c83deb2bc5a3022023-11-23T13:18:57ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-08-012317989210.3390/ijms23179892Apolipoprotein E in Cardiometabolic and Neurological Health and DiseasesJeyashree Alagarsamy0Anja Jaeschke1David Y. Hui2Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USADepartment of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USADepartment of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USAA preponderance of evidence obtained from genetically modified mice and human population studies reveals the association of apolipoprotein E (apoE) deficiency and polymorphisms with pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, obesity/diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. The human <i>APOE</i> gene is polymorphic with three major alleles, ε2, ε3 and ε4, encoding apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, respectively. The <i>APOE</i> gene is expressed in many cell types, including hepatocytes, adipocytes, immune cells of the myeloid lineage, vascular smooth muscle cells, and in the brain. ApoE is present in subclasses of plasma lipoproteins, and it mediates the clearance of atherogenic lipoproteins from plasma circulation via its interaction with LDL receptor family proteins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Extracellular apoE also interacts with cell surface receptors and confers signaling events for cell regulation, while apoE expressed endogenously in various cell types regulates cell functions via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. This review article focuses on lipoprotein transport-dependent and -independent mechanisms by which apoE deficiency or polymorphisms contribute to cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, and neurological disorders.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/9892apolipoprotein E (apoE)lipoprotein receptorsatherosclerosisinflammatory responseAlzheimer’s diseasesignal transduction |
| spellingShingle | Jeyashree Alagarsamy Anja Jaeschke David Y. Hui Apolipoprotein E in Cardiometabolic and Neurological Health and Diseases International Journal of Molecular Sciences apolipoprotein E (apoE) lipoprotein receptors atherosclerosis inflammatory response Alzheimer’s disease signal transduction |
| title | Apolipoprotein E in Cardiometabolic and Neurological Health and Diseases |
| title_full | Apolipoprotein E in Cardiometabolic and Neurological Health and Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Apolipoprotein E in Cardiometabolic and Neurological Health and Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Apolipoprotein E in Cardiometabolic and Neurological Health and Diseases |
| title_short | Apolipoprotein E in Cardiometabolic and Neurological Health and Diseases |
| title_sort | apolipoprotein e in cardiometabolic and neurological health and diseases |
| topic | apolipoprotein E (apoE) lipoprotein receptors atherosclerosis inflammatory response Alzheimer’s disease signal transduction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/9892 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jeyashreealagarsamy apolipoproteineincardiometabolicandneurologicalhealthanddiseases AT anjajaeschke apolipoproteineincardiometabolicandneurologicalhealthanddiseases AT davidyhui apolipoproteineincardiometabolicandneurologicalhealthanddiseases |