Using Optical Water Types to Monitor Changes in Optically Complex Inland and Coastal Waters
The European Space Agency’s Copernicus satellites Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 provide observations with high spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution which can be used to monitor inland and coastal waters. Such waters are optically complex, and the water color may vary from completely clea...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/19/2297 |
| _version_ | 1798018563569614848 |
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| author | Kristi Uudeberg Ilmar Ansko Getter Põru Ave Ansper Anu Reinart |
| author_facet | Kristi Uudeberg Ilmar Ansko Getter Põru Ave Ansper Anu Reinart |
| author_sort | Kristi Uudeberg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The European Space Agency’s Copernicus satellites Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 provide observations with high spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution which can be used to monitor inland and coastal waters. Such waters are optically complex, and the water color may vary from completely clear to dark brown. The main factors influencing water color are colored dissolved organic matter, phytoplankton, and suspended sediments. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of the optical water type (OWT) classification in the remote sensing of ocean color. Such classification helps to clarify relationships between different properties inside a certain class and quantify variation between classes. In this study, we present a new OWT classification based on the in situ measurements of reflectance spectra for boreal region lakes and coastal areas without extreme optical conditions. This classification divides waters into five OWT (Clear, Moderate, Turbid, Very Turbid, and Brown) and shows that different OWTs have different remote sensing reflectance spectra and that each OWT is associated with a specific bio-optical condition. Developed OWTs are distinguishable by both the MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) and the Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) sensors, and the accuracy of the OWT assignment was 95% for both the MSI and OLCI bands. To determine OWT from MSI images, we tested different atmospheric correction (AC) processors, namely ACOLITE, C2RCC, POLYMER, and Sen2Cor and for OLCI images, we tested AC processors ALTNNA, C2RCC, and L2. The C2RCC AC processor was the most accurate and reliable for use with MSI and OLCI images to estimate OWTs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T16:24:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e34ab8a33e1348178ccf9aa3f24394a6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T16:24:58Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-e34ab8a33e1348178ccf9aa3f24394a62022-12-22T04:14:12ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922019-10-011119229710.3390/rs11192297rs11192297Using Optical Water Types to Monitor Changes in Optically Complex Inland and Coastal WatersKristi Uudeberg0Ilmar Ansko1Getter Põru2Ave Ansper3Anu Reinart4Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Ülikooli 18, 50090 Tartu, EstoniaTartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Ülikooli 18, 50090 Tartu, EstoniaTartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Ülikooli 18, 50090 Tartu, EstoniaTartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Ülikooli 18, 50090 Tartu, EstoniaTartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Ülikooli 18, 50090 Tartu, EstoniaThe European Space Agency’s Copernicus satellites Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 provide observations with high spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution which can be used to monitor inland and coastal waters. Such waters are optically complex, and the water color may vary from completely clear to dark brown. The main factors influencing water color are colored dissolved organic matter, phytoplankton, and suspended sediments. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of the optical water type (OWT) classification in the remote sensing of ocean color. Such classification helps to clarify relationships between different properties inside a certain class and quantify variation between classes. In this study, we present a new OWT classification based on the in situ measurements of reflectance spectra for boreal region lakes and coastal areas without extreme optical conditions. This classification divides waters into five OWT (Clear, Moderate, Turbid, Very Turbid, and Brown) and shows that different OWTs have different remote sensing reflectance spectra and that each OWT is associated with a specific bio-optical condition. Developed OWTs are distinguishable by both the MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) and the Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) sensors, and the accuracy of the OWT assignment was 95% for both the MSI and OLCI bands. To determine OWT from MSI images, we tested different atmospheric correction (AC) processors, namely ACOLITE, C2RCC, POLYMER, and Sen2Cor and for OLCI images, we tested AC processors ALTNNA, C2RCC, and L2. The C2RCC AC processor was the most accurate and reliable for use with MSI and OLCI images to estimate OWTs.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/19/2297optical water typeremote sensingreflectancesentinel-3 olcisentinel-2 msi |
| spellingShingle | Kristi Uudeberg Ilmar Ansko Getter Põru Ave Ansper Anu Reinart Using Optical Water Types to Monitor Changes in Optically Complex Inland and Coastal Waters Remote Sensing optical water type remote sensing reflectance sentinel-3 olci sentinel-2 msi |
| title | Using Optical Water Types to Monitor Changes in Optically Complex Inland and Coastal Waters |
| title_full | Using Optical Water Types to Monitor Changes in Optically Complex Inland and Coastal Waters |
| title_fullStr | Using Optical Water Types to Monitor Changes in Optically Complex Inland and Coastal Waters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Using Optical Water Types to Monitor Changes in Optically Complex Inland and Coastal Waters |
| title_short | Using Optical Water Types to Monitor Changes in Optically Complex Inland and Coastal Waters |
| title_sort | using optical water types to monitor changes in optically complex inland and coastal waters |
| topic | optical water type remote sensing reflectance sentinel-3 olci sentinel-2 msi |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/19/2297 |
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