Evaluation of the Zone of Influence and Entrainment Impacts for an Intake Using a 3-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Transport Model
Ballast water systems in large LNG carriers are essential for proper operations and stability. Water withdrawn from the surrounding environment to supply to the ballast can pose entrainment and impingement risk to the resident fish population. Quantification of these risks and the net effect on popu...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2014-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/2/2/306 |
| _version_ | 1818946587832877056 |
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| author | Shwet Prakash Venkat Kolluru Carol Young |
| author_facet | Shwet Prakash Venkat Kolluru Carol Young |
| author_sort | Shwet Prakash |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ballast water systems in large LNG carriers are essential for proper operations and stability. Water withdrawn from the surrounding environment to supply to the ballast can pose entrainment and impingement risk to the resident fish population. Quantification of these risks and the net effect on population is usually quite challenging and complex. Various methods over the last several decades have been developed and are available in the literature for quantification of entrainment of mobile and immobile lifestages of resident fish. In this study, a detailed 3-dimensional model was developed to estimate the entrainment of ichthyoplankton (fish eggs and larvae) and fish from an estuarine environment during the repeated short-term operation of a ballast water intake for an LNG carrier. It was also used to develop a zone of influence to determine the ability of mobile life stages to avoid impingement. The ichthyoplankton model is an Equivalent Adult Model (EAM) and assesses the number of breeding adults lost to the population. The EAM incorporates four different methods developed between 1978 and 2005. The study also considers the uncertainty in estimates for the lifestage data and, as such, performs sensitivity analyses to evaluate the confidence level achievable in such quantitative estimates for entrainment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T08:17:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e34fc089f53d45a59860af1da77aa2f6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T08:17:23Z |
| publishDate | 2014-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-e34fc089f53d45a59860af1da77aa2f62022-12-21T19:47:05ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122014-04-012230632510.3390/jmse2020306jmse2020306Evaluation of the Zone of Influence and Entrainment Impacts for an Intake Using a 3-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Transport ModelShwet Prakash0Venkat Kolluru1Carol Young2Pennsylvania Office, Environmental Resources Management (ERM) Inc., 75 Valley Stream Parkway, Suite 200, Malvern, PA 19355, USAPennsylvania Office, Environmental Resources Management (ERM) Inc., 75 Valley Stream Parkway, Suite 200, Malvern, PA 19355, USAMaryland Office, Environmental Resources Management (ERM) Inc., 200 Harry S Truman Parkway, Annapolis, MD 21401, USABallast water systems in large LNG carriers are essential for proper operations and stability. Water withdrawn from the surrounding environment to supply to the ballast can pose entrainment and impingement risk to the resident fish population. Quantification of these risks and the net effect on population is usually quite challenging and complex. Various methods over the last several decades have been developed and are available in the literature for quantification of entrainment of mobile and immobile lifestages of resident fish. In this study, a detailed 3-dimensional model was developed to estimate the entrainment of ichthyoplankton (fish eggs and larvae) and fish from an estuarine environment during the repeated short-term operation of a ballast water intake for an LNG carrier. It was also used to develop a zone of influence to determine the ability of mobile life stages to avoid impingement. The ichthyoplankton model is an Equivalent Adult Model (EAM) and assesses the number of breeding adults lost to the population. The EAM incorporates four different methods developed between 1978 and 2005. The study also considers the uncertainty in estimates for the lifestage data and, as such, performs sensitivity analyses to evaluate the confidence level achievable in such quantitative estimates for entrainment.http://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/2/2/306316(b)zone of influenceentrainmentimpingementichthyoplanktonintakesballast water |
| spellingShingle | Shwet Prakash Venkat Kolluru Carol Young Evaluation of the Zone of Influence and Entrainment Impacts for an Intake Using a 3-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Transport Model Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 316(b) zone of influence entrainment impingement ichthyoplankton intakes ballast water |
| title | Evaluation of the Zone of Influence and Entrainment Impacts for an Intake Using a 3-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Transport Model |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Zone of Influence and Entrainment Impacts for an Intake Using a 3-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Transport Model |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Zone of Influence and Entrainment Impacts for an Intake Using a 3-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Transport Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Zone of Influence and Entrainment Impacts for an Intake Using a 3-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Transport Model |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Zone of Influence and Entrainment Impacts for an Intake Using a 3-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Transport Model |
| title_sort | evaluation of the zone of influence and entrainment impacts for an intake using a 3 dimensional hydrodynamic and transport model |
| topic | 316(b) zone of influence entrainment impingement ichthyoplankton intakes ballast water |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/2/2/306 |
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