Simultaneous determination of free methamphetamine, pethidine, ketamine and tramadol in urine by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with GC–MS
A simple and rapid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique coupled with gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was developed for the extraction and analysis of methamphetamine (MA), pethidine (PD), ketamine (KT) and tramadol (TD) from human urine. In this study, dif...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Oxford University Press
2019-04-01
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| Series: | Forensic Sciences Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2017.1377386 |
| _version_ | 1827841432425070592 |
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| author | Fangmin Xu Lingyun Liu |
| author_facet | Fangmin Xu Lingyun Liu |
| author_sort | Fangmin Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A simple and rapid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique coupled with gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was developed for the extraction and analysis of methamphetamine (MA), pethidine (PD), ketamine (KT) and tramadol (TD) from human urine. In this study, different parameters affecting the extraction process such as the type and volume of extraction solvent, type and volume of disperser solvent, extraction time and pH value and salt effect were studied and optimized. Under optimized conditions, the enrichment factor ranged from 185 to 226 and the average recovery ranged from 80.45% to 95.55%. The linear range was 10.0–1000.0 µg/L, the limit of detection and quantitation were in the range 0.43–1.96 µg/L and 1.44–6.53 µg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations were in the range 1.98%–3.90% (n = 7). The obtained results show that DLLME combined with GC–MS is a fast and simple method for the determination of MA, PD, KT and TD in human urine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T07:50:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e357589b2596406a8a75b9ecbaae9953 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2096-1790 2471-1411 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T07:50:18Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forensic Sciences Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-e357589b2596406a8a75b9ecbaae99532023-09-02T20:41:15ZengOxford University PressForensic Sciences Research2096-17902471-14112019-04-014218819410.1080/20961790.2017.13773861377386Simultaneous determination of free methamphetamine, pethidine, ketamine and tramadol in urine by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with GC–MSFangmin Xu0Lingyun Liu1Institute of Forensic ScienceInstitute of Forensic ScienceA simple and rapid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique coupled with gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was developed for the extraction and analysis of methamphetamine (MA), pethidine (PD), ketamine (KT) and tramadol (TD) from human urine. In this study, different parameters affecting the extraction process such as the type and volume of extraction solvent, type and volume of disperser solvent, extraction time and pH value and salt effect were studied and optimized. Under optimized conditions, the enrichment factor ranged from 185 to 226 and the average recovery ranged from 80.45% to 95.55%. The linear range was 10.0–1000.0 µg/L, the limit of detection and quantitation were in the range 0.43–1.96 µg/L and 1.44–6.53 µg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations were in the range 1.98%–3.90% (n = 7). The obtained results show that DLLME combined with GC–MS is a fast and simple method for the determination of MA, PD, KT and TD in human urine.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2017.1377386Forensic scienceforensic toxicologydispersive liquid–liquid microextractiongas chromatography mass spectrometryurinedrug abusesample pretreatment |
| spellingShingle | Fangmin Xu Lingyun Liu Simultaneous determination of free methamphetamine, pethidine, ketamine and tramadol in urine by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with GC–MS Forensic Sciences Research Forensic science forensic toxicology dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry urine drug abuse sample pretreatment |
| title | Simultaneous determination of free methamphetamine, pethidine, ketamine and tramadol in urine by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with GC–MS |
| title_full | Simultaneous determination of free methamphetamine, pethidine, ketamine and tramadol in urine by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with GC–MS |
| title_fullStr | Simultaneous determination of free methamphetamine, pethidine, ketamine and tramadol in urine by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with GC–MS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simultaneous determination of free methamphetamine, pethidine, ketamine and tramadol in urine by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with GC–MS |
| title_short | Simultaneous determination of free methamphetamine, pethidine, ketamine and tramadol in urine by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with GC–MS |
| title_sort | simultaneous determination of free methamphetamine pethidine ketamine and tramadol in urine by dispersive liquid liquid microextraction combined with gc ms |
| topic | Forensic science forensic toxicology dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry urine drug abuse sample pretreatment |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2017.1377386 |
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