Nitric Oxide Synthases in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by severe joint damage and disability. However, the specific mechanism of RA has not been thoroughly clarified over the past decade. Nitric oxide (NO), a kind of gas messenger molecule with many molecular targets, is demonstrated to ha...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/11/4414 |
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| author | Jia-Bao Huang Zhi-Ru Chen Shu-Long Yang Fen-Fang Hong |
| author_facet | Jia-Bao Huang Zhi-Ru Chen Shu-Long Yang Fen-Fang Hong |
| author_sort | Jia-Bao Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by severe joint damage and disability. However, the specific mechanism of RA has not been thoroughly clarified over the past decade. Nitric oxide (NO), a kind of gas messenger molecule with many molecular targets, is demonstrated to have significant roles in histopathology and homeostasis. Three nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are related to producing NO and regulating the generation of NO. Based on the latest studies, NOS/NO signaling pathways play a key role in the pathogenesis of RA. Overproduction of NO can induce the generation and release of inflammatory cytokines and act as free radical gas to accumulate and trigger oxidative stress, which can involve in the pathogenesis of RA. Therefore, targeting NOS and its upstream and downstream signaling pathways may be an effective approach to managing RA. This review clearly summarizes the NOS/NO signaling pathway, the pathological changes of RA, the involvement of NOS/NO in RA pathogenesis and the conventional and novel drugs based on NOS/NO signaling pathways that are still in clinical trials and have good therapeutic potential in recent years, with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the role of NOS/NO in the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of RA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:02:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e3576b3d2ffa4365ae7c6469aa219580 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:02:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-e3576b3d2ffa4365ae7c6469aa2195802023-11-18T08:16:20ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-05-012811441410.3390/molecules28114414Nitric Oxide Synthases in Rheumatoid ArthritisJia-Bao Huang0Zhi-Ru Chen1Shu-Long Yang2Fen-Fang Hong3Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, ChinaExperimental Center of Pathogen Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, ChinaExperimental Center of Pathogen Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, ChinaRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by severe joint damage and disability. However, the specific mechanism of RA has not been thoroughly clarified over the past decade. Nitric oxide (NO), a kind of gas messenger molecule with many molecular targets, is demonstrated to have significant roles in histopathology and homeostasis. Three nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are related to producing NO and regulating the generation of NO. Based on the latest studies, NOS/NO signaling pathways play a key role in the pathogenesis of RA. Overproduction of NO can induce the generation and release of inflammatory cytokines and act as free radical gas to accumulate and trigger oxidative stress, which can involve in the pathogenesis of RA. Therefore, targeting NOS and its upstream and downstream signaling pathways may be an effective approach to managing RA. This review clearly summarizes the NOS/NO signaling pathway, the pathological changes of RA, the involvement of NOS/NO in RA pathogenesis and the conventional and novel drugs based on NOS/NO signaling pathways that are still in clinical trials and have good therapeutic potential in recent years, with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the role of NOS/NO in the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of RA.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/11/4414nitric oxide synthasesnitric oxiderheumatoid arthritisinflammatory cytokinesdisease-modifying antirheumatic drugs |
| spellingShingle | Jia-Bao Huang Zhi-Ru Chen Shu-Long Yang Fen-Fang Hong Nitric Oxide Synthases in Rheumatoid Arthritis Molecules nitric oxide synthases nitric oxide rheumatoid arthritis inflammatory cytokines disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs |
| title | Nitric Oxide Synthases in Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| title_full | Nitric Oxide Synthases in Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| title_fullStr | Nitric Oxide Synthases in Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitric Oxide Synthases in Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| title_short | Nitric Oxide Synthases in Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| title_sort | nitric oxide synthases in rheumatoid arthritis |
| topic | nitric oxide synthases nitric oxide rheumatoid arthritis inflammatory cytokines disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/11/4414 |
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