Differentiating Degenerative from Vascular Dementia with the Help of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Biomarkers
Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia account for the majority of cases of cognitive decline in elderly people. These two main forms of dementia, under which various subtypes fall, are often overlapping and, in some cases, definitive diagnosis may only be possible post-mortem. This has implicati...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Healthcare |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/3/539 |
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| author | Efthymios Chalkias Ioannis-Nikolaos Chalkias Christos Bakirtzis Lambros Messinis Grigorios Nasios Panagiotis Ioannidis Demetrios Pirounides |
| author_facet | Efthymios Chalkias Ioannis-Nikolaos Chalkias Christos Bakirtzis Lambros Messinis Grigorios Nasios Panagiotis Ioannidis Demetrios Pirounides |
| author_sort | Efthymios Chalkias |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia account for the majority of cases of cognitive decline in elderly people. These two main forms of dementia, under which various subtypes fall, are often overlapping and, in some cases, definitive diagnosis may only be possible post-mortem. This has implications for the quality of care and the design of individualized interventions for these patients. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive imaging modality used to visualize the retinal layers and vessels which shows encouraging results in the study of various neurological conditions, including dementia. This review aims to succinctly sum up the present state of knowledge and provide critical insight into emerging patterns of OCTA biomarker values in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. According to the current literature, vessel density seems to be a common biomarker for both forms; inner retinal layer thickness might represent a biomarker preferentially affected in degenerative dementia including Alzheimer’s, while, in contrast, the outer-layer thickness as a whole justifies attention as a potential vascular dementia biomarker. Radial peripapillary capillary density should also be further studied as a biomarker specifically linked to vascular dementia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:46:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e35e446ac3b346c39841b7089409f85c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9032 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:46:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj.art-e35e446ac3b346c39841b7089409f85c2023-11-24T01:23:12ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322022-03-0110353910.3390/healthcare10030539Differentiating Degenerative from Vascular Dementia with the Help of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography BiomarkersEfthymios Chalkias0Ioannis-Nikolaos Chalkias1Christos Bakirtzis2Lambros Messinis3Grigorios Nasios4Panagiotis Ioannidis5Demetrios Pirounides6Department of Ophthalmology, AHEPA University Hospital, GR 54621 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Ophthalmology, AHEPA University Hospital, GR 54621 Thessaloniki, GreeceB’ Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54636 Thessaloniki, GreeceLab of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, GR 45500 Ioannina, GreeceB’ Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54636 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Ophthalmology, AHEPA University Hospital, GR 54621 Thessaloniki, GreeceAlzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia account for the majority of cases of cognitive decline in elderly people. These two main forms of dementia, under which various subtypes fall, are often overlapping and, in some cases, definitive diagnosis may only be possible post-mortem. This has implications for the quality of care and the design of individualized interventions for these patients. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive imaging modality used to visualize the retinal layers and vessels which shows encouraging results in the study of various neurological conditions, including dementia. This review aims to succinctly sum up the present state of knowledge and provide critical insight into emerging patterns of OCTA biomarker values in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. According to the current literature, vessel density seems to be a common biomarker for both forms; inner retinal layer thickness might represent a biomarker preferentially affected in degenerative dementia including Alzheimer’s, while, in contrast, the outer-layer thickness as a whole justifies attention as a potential vascular dementia biomarker. Radial peripapillary capillary density should also be further studied as a biomarker specifically linked to vascular dementia.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/3/539Alzheimer’sbiomarkersneurodegenerationsmall vessel diseasevascular cognitive impairment |
| spellingShingle | Efthymios Chalkias Ioannis-Nikolaos Chalkias Christos Bakirtzis Lambros Messinis Grigorios Nasios Panagiotis Ioannidis Demetrios Pirounides Differentiating Degenerative from Vascular Dementia with the Help of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Biomarkers Healthcare Alzheimer’s biomarkers neurodegeneration small vessel disease vascular cognitive impairment |
| title | Differentiating Degenerative from Vascular Dementia with the Help of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Biomarkers |
| title_full | Differentiating Degenerative from Vascular Dementia with the Help of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Biomarkers |
| title_fullStr | Differentiating Degenerative from Vascular Dementia with the Help of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Biomarkers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differentiating Degenerative from Vascular Dementia with the Help of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Biomarkers |
| title_short | Differentiating Degenerative from Vascular Dementia with the Help of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Biomarkers |
| title_sort | differentiating degenerative from vascular dementia with the help of optical coherence tomography angiography biomarkers |
| topic | Alzheimer’s biomarkers neurodegeneration small vessel disease vascular cognitive impairment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/3/539 |
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