Seasonal Variation of PM2.5 Components Observed in an Industrial Area of Chiba Prefecture, Japan
In order to survey the seasonal variation of the chemical composition of particulate matter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5), PM2.5 was sampled from 8 February 2013 to 31 March 2014 in an industrial area of Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Chemical measurements of the sample included: ionic components (Na+, NH4+,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2015-03-01
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| Series: | Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment |
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| Online Access: | http://asianjae.org/_common/do.php?a=full&b=11&bidx=1540&aidx=19509 |
| _version_ | 1797724810652942336 |
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| author | Yujiro Ichikawa Suekazu Naito Katsumi Ishii Hideaki Oohashi |
| author_facet | Yujiro Ichikawa Suekazu Naito Katsumi Ishii Hideaki Oohashi |
| author_sort | Yujiro Ichikawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In order to survey the seasonal variation of the chemical composition of particulate matter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5), PM2.5 was sampled from 8 February 2013 to 31 March 2014 in an industrial area of Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Chemical measurements of the sample included: ionic components (Na+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl-, NO3- and SO42-), carbonaceous components - organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). Also, secondary organic carbon (SOC) was measured based using the EC tracer method, and char-EC and soot-EC were calculated from the analytical results. The data obtained were interpreted in terms of temporal variation. Of the overall mean value of PM2.5 mass concentration obtained during the study period, ionic components, OC and EC accounted for 45.3%, 19.7%, and 8.0%, respectively. NO3- showed a unique seasonal distribution pattern due to a dependence on temperature and absolute humidity. It was estimated that an approximate temperature of 14°C, and absolute humidity of 7 g/m3 were critical for the reversible reaction of NH4NO3 (p) ⇋ NH3 (g)+HNO3 (g). The amount of OC and EC contributing to the monthly PM2.5 mass concentration was higher in autumn and winter compared to spring and summer. This result could be attributed to the impact of burning biomass, since WSOC and the ratio of char-EC/soot-EC showed a similar pattern during the corresponding period. From the comparison of monthly WSOC/OC values, a maximum ratio of 83% was obtained in August (summer). The WSOC and estimated SOC levels derived from the EC tracer method correlated (R=0.77) in summer. The high occurrence of WSOC during summer was mainly due to the formation of SOC by photochemical reactions. Through long-term observation of PM2.5 chemical components, we established that the degree to which the abovementioned factors influence PM2.5 composition, fluctuates with seasonal changes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T10:22:09Z |
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| id | doaj.art-e36c0da2563c42ceb68523bf57612c29 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1976-6912 2287-1160 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T10:22:09Z |
| publishDate | 2015-03-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment |
| spelling | doaj.art-e36c0da2563c42ceb68523bf57612c292023-09-02T10:03:17ZengSpringerAsian Journal of Atmospheric Environment1976-69122287-11602015-03-0191667710.5572/ajae.2015.9.1.066Seasonal Variation of PM2.5 Components Observed in an Industrial Area of Chiba Prefecture, JapanYujiro Ichikawa0Suekazu Naito 1Katsumi Ishii 2Hideaki Oohashi3Chiba Prefectural Environmental Research Center, 1-8-8 Iwasaki Nishi, Ichihara, Chiba 290-0046, JapanChiba Prefectural Environmental Research Center, 1-8-8 Iwasaki Nishi, Ichihara, Chiba 290-0046, JapanChiba Prefectural Environmental Research Center, 1-8-8 Iwasaki Nishi, Ichihara, Chiba 290-0046, JapanChiba Prefectural Environmental and Community Affairs Department, 1-1 Ichiba-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8667, JapanIn order to survey the seasonal variation of the chemical composition of particulate matter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5), PM2.5 was sampled from 8 February 2013 to 31 March 2014 in an industrial area of Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Chemical measurements of the sample included: ionic components (Na+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl-, NO3- and SO42-), carbonaceous components - organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). Also, secondary organic carbon (SOC) was measured based using the EC tracer method, and char-EC and soot-EC were calculated from the analytical results. The data obtained were interpreted in terms of temporal variation. Of the overall mean value of PM2.5 mass concentration obtained during the study period, ionic components, OC and EC accounted for 45.3%, 19.7%, and 8.0%, respectively. NO3- showed a unique seasonal distribution pattern due to a dependence on temperature and absolute humidity. It was estimated that an approximate temperature of 14°C, and absolute humidity of 7 g/m3 were critical for the reversible reaction of NH4NO3 (p) ⇋ NH3 (g)+HNO3 (g). The amount of OC and EC contributing to the monthly PM2.5 mass concentration was higher in autumn and winter compared to spring and summer. This result could be attributed to the impact of burning biomass, since WSOC and the ratio of char-EC/soot-EC showed a similar pattern during the corresponding period. From the comparison of monthly WSOC/OC values, a maximum ratio of 83% was obtained in August (summer). The WSOC and estimated SOC levels derived from the EC tracer method correlated (R=0.77) in summer. The high occurrence of WSOC during summer was mainly due to the formation of SOC by photochemical reactions. Through long-term observation of PM2.5 chemical components, we established that the degree to which the abovementioned factors influence PM2.5 composition, fluctuates with seasonal changes.http://asianjae.org/_common/do.php?a=full&b=11&bidx=1540&aidx=19509pm2.5japanchiba prefectureseasonal variationschemical analysiscarbonaceous componentsionic components |
| spellingShingle | Yujiro Ichikawa Suekazu Naito Katsumi Ishii Hideaki Oohashi Seasonal Variation of PM2.5 Components Observed in an Industrial Area of Chiba Prefecture, Japan Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment pm2.5 japan chiba prefecture seasonal variations chemical analysis carbonaceous components ionic components |
| title | Seasonal Variation of PM2.5 Components Observed in an Industrial Area of Chiba Prefecture, Japan |
| title_full | Seasonal Variation of PM2.5 Components Observed in an Industrial Area of Chiba Prefecture, Japan |
| title_fullStr | Seasonal Variation of PM2.5 Components Observed in an Industrial Area of Chiba Prefecture, Japan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal Variation of PM2.5 Components Observed in an Industrial Area of Chiba Prefecture, Japan |
| title_short | Seasonal Variation of PM2.5 Components Observed in an Industrial Area of Chiba Prefecture, Japan |
| title_sort | seasonal variation of pm2 5 components observed in an industrial area of chiba prefecture japan |
| topic | pm2.5 japan chiba prefecture seasonal variations chemical analysis carbonaceous components ionic components |
| url | http://asianjae.org/_common/do.php?a=full&b=11&bidx=1540&aidx=19509 |
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