Designing and Testing of a System for Aerosolization and Recovery of Viable Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): Theoretical and Engineering Considerations
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infections cause significant economic losses to swine producers every year. Aerosols containing infectious PRRSV are an important route of transmission, and proper treatment of air could mitigate the airborne spread of the virus within and...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.659609/full |
| _version_ | 1830194032859414528 |
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| author | Peiyang Li Jacek A. Koziel Jeffrey J. Zimmerman Steven J. Hoff Jianqiang Zhang Ting-Yu Cheng Wannarat Yim-Im Myeongseong Lee Baitong Chen William S. Jenks |
| author_facet | Peiyang Li Jacek A. Koziel Jeffrey J. Zimmerman Steven J. Hoff Jianqiang Zhang Ting-Yu Cheng Wannarat Yim-Im Myeongseong Lee Baitong Chen William S. Jenks |
| author_sort | Peiyang Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infections cause significant economic losses to swine producers every year. Aerosols containing infectious PRRSV are an important route of transmission, and proper treatment of air could mitigate the airborne spread of the virus within and between barns. Previous bioaerosol studies focused on the microbiology of PRRSV aerosols; thus, the current study addressed the engineering aspects of virus aerosolization and collection. Specific objectives were to (1) build and test a virus aerosolization system, (2) achieve a uniform and repeatable aerosol generation and collection throughout all replicates, (3) identify and minimize sources of variation, and (4) verify that the collection system (impingers) performed similarly. The system for virus aerosolization was built and tested (Obj. 1). The uniform airflow distribution was confirmed using a physical tracer (<12% relative standard deviation) for all treatments and sound engineering control of flow rates (Obj. 2). Theoretical uncertainty analyses and mass balance calculations showed <3% loss of air mass flow rate between the inlet and outlet (Obj. 3). A comparison of TCID50 values among impinger fluids showed no statistical difference between any two of the three trials (p-value = 0.148, 0.357, 0.846) (Obj. 4). These results showed that the readiness of the system for research on virus aerosolization and treatment (e.g., by ultraviolet light), as well as its potential use for research on other types of airborne pathogens and their mitigation on a laboratory scale. |
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| id | doaj.art-e36e7f83cc4f47ef90584e360af7e3b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T00:22:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e36e7f83cc4f47ef90584e360af7e3b92022-12-21T21:27:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852021-05-01910.3389/fbioe.2021.659609659609Designing and Testing of a System for Aerosolization and Recovery of Viable Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): Theoretical and Engineering ConsiderationsPeiyang Li0Jacek A. Koziel1Jeffrey J. Zimmerman2Steven J. Hoff3Jianqiang Zhang4Ting-Yu Cheng5Wannarat Yim-Im6Myeongseong Lee7Baitong Chen8William S. Jenks9Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United StatesDepartment of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United StatesDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United StatesDepartment of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United StatesDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United StatesDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United StatesDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United StatesDepartment of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United StatesDepartment of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United StatesDepartment of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United StatesPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infections cause significant economic losses to swine producers every year. Aerosols containing infectious PRRSV are an important route of transmission, and proper treatment of air could mitigate the airborne spread of the virus within and between barns. Previous bioaerosol studies focused on the microbiology of PRRSV aerosols; thus, the current study addressed the engineering aspects of virus aerosolization and collection. Specific objectives were to (1) build and test a virus aerosolization system, (2) achieve a uniform and repeatable aerosol generation and collection throughout all replicates, (3) identify and minimize sources of variation, and (4) verify that the collection system (impingers) performed similarly. The system for virus aerosolization was built and tested (Obj. 1). The uniform airflow distribution was confirmed using a physical tracer (<12% relative standard deviation) for all treatments and sound engineering control of flow rates (Obj. 2). Theoretical uncertainty analyses and mass balance calculations showed <3% loss of air mass flow rate between the inlet and outlet (Obj. 3). A comparison of TCID50 values among impinger fluids showed no statistical difference between any two of the three trials (p-value = 0.148, 0.357, 0.846) (Obj. 4). These results showed that the readiness of the system for research on virus aerosolization and treatment (e.g., by ultraviolet light), as well as its potential use for research on other types of airborne pathogens and their mitigation on a laboratory scale.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.659609/fullairborne pathogensanimal productioninfectious animal diseaselivestock healthmass balanceswine diseases |
| spellingShingle | Peiyang Li Jacek A. Koziel Jeffrey J. Zimmerman Steven J. Hoff Jianqiang Zhang Ting-Yu Cheng Wannarat Yim-Im Myeongseong Lee Baitong Chen William S. Jenks Designing and Testing of a System for Aerosolization and Recovery of Viable Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): Theoretical and Engineering Considerations Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology airborne pathogens animal production infectious animal disease livestock health mass balance swine diseases |
| title | Designing and Testing of a System for Aerosolization and Recovery of Viable Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): Theoretical and Engineering Considerations |
| title_full | Designing and Testing of a System for Aerosolization and Recovery of Viable Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): Theoretical and Engineering Considerations |
| title_fullStr | Designing and Testing of a System for Aerosolization and Recovery of Viable Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): Theoretical and Engineering Considerations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Designing and Testing of a System for Aerosolization and Recovery of Viable Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): Theoretical and Engineering Considerations |
| title_short | Designing and Testing of a System for Aerosolization and Recovery of Viable Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): Theoretical and Engineering Considerations |
| title_sort | designing and testing of a system for aerosolization and recovery of viable porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus prrsv theoretical and engineering considerations |
| topic | airborne pathogens animal production infectious animal disease livestock health mass balance swine diseases |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.659609/full |
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