Urinary Levels of 14 Metal Elements in General Population: A Region-Based Exploratory Study in China
Metal pollution may lead to a variety of diseases; for this reason, it has become a matter of public concern worldwide. However, it is necessary to use biomonitoring approaches to assess the risks posed to human health by metals. In this study, the concentrations of 14 metal elements in 181 urine sa...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/6/488 |
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| author | Zining Zhang Sai Guo Liting Hua Beibei Wang Qiusheng Chen Lu Liu Li Xiang Hongwen Sun Hongzhi Zhao |
| author_facet | Zining Zhang Sai Guo Liting Hua Beibei Wang Qiusheng Chen Lu Liu Li Xiang Hongwen Sun Hongzhi Zhao |
| author_sort | Zining Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metal pollution may lead to a variety of diseases; for this reason, it has become a matter of public concern worldwide. However, it is necessary to use biomonitoring approaches to assess the risks posed to human health by metals. In this study, the concentrations of 14 metal elements in 181 urine samples obtained from the general population of Gansu Province, China, were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Eleven out of fourteen target elements had detection frequencies above 85%, namely, Cr, Ni, As, Se, Cd, Al, Fe, Cu and Rb. The concentrations of most metal elements in the urine of our subjects corresponded to the medium levels of subjects in other regional studies. Gender exerted a significant influence (<i>p <</i> 0.05) on the concentrations of Tl, Rb and Zn. The concentrations of Ni, As, Pb, Sr, Tl, Zn, Cu and Se showed significant differences among different age groups and the age-related concentration trends varied among these elements. There were significant differences in the urine concentrations of Zn and Sr between those subjects in the group who were frequently exposed to soil (exposed soil > 20 min/day) and those in the group who were not, indicating that people in regular contact with soil may be more exposed to metals. This study provides useful information for evaluating the levels of metal exposure among general populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:52:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e36f36cdb5e5486dad13f0829c96ba1a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:52:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e36f36cdb5e5486dad13f0829c96ba1a2023-11-18T12:54:18ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-05-0111648810.3390/toxics11060488Urinary Levels of 14 Metal Elements in General Population: A Region-Based Exploratory Study in ChinaZining Zhang0Sai Guo1Liting Hua2Beibei Wang3Qiusheng Chen4Lu Liu5Li Xiang6Hongwen Sun7Hongzhi Zhao8Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, ChinaSchool of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaInstitute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, ChinaInstitute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, ChinaMetal pollution may lead to a variety of diseases; for this reason, it has become a matter of public concern worldwide. However, it is necessary to use biomonitoring approaches to assess the risks posed to human health by metals. In this study, the concentrations of 14 metal elements in 181 urine samples obtained from the general population of Gansu Province, China, were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Eleven out of fourteen target elements had detection frequencies above 85%, namely, Cr, Ni, As, Se, Cd, Al, Fe, Cu and Rb. The concentrations of most metal elements in the urine of our subjects corresponded to the medium levels of subjects in other regional studies. Gender exerted a significant influence (<i>p <</i> 0.05) on the concentrations of Tl, Rb and Zn. The concentrations of Ni, As, Pb, Sr, Tl, Zn, Cu and Se showed significant differences among different age groups and the age-related concentration trends varied among these elements. There were significant differences in the urine concentrations of Zn and Sr between those subjects in the group who were frequently exposed to soil (exposed soil > 20 min/day) and those in the group who were not, indicating that people in regular contact with soil may be more exposed to metals. This study provides useful information for evaluating the levels of metal exposure among general populations.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/6/488metal elementurinehuman biomonitoringinfluence factors |
| spellingShingle | Zining Zhang Sai Guo Liting Hua Beibei Wang Qiusheng Chen Lu Liu Li Xiang Hongwen Sun Hongzhi Zhao Urinary Levels of 14 Metal Elements in General Population: A Region-Based Exploratory Study in China Toxics metal element urine human biomonitoring influence factors |
| title | Urinary Levels of 14 Metal Elements in General Population: A Region-Based Exploratory Study in China |
| title_full | Urinary Levels of 14 Metal Elements in General Population: A Region-Based Exploratory Study in China |
| title_fullStr | Urinary Levels of 14 Metal Elements in General Population: A Region-Based Exploratory Study in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urinary Levels of 14 Metal Elements in General Population: A Region-Based Exploratory Study in China |
| title_short | Urinary Levels of 14 Metal Elements in General Population: A Region-Based Exploratory Study in China |
| title_sort | urinary levels of 14 metal elements in general population a region based exploratory study in china |
| topic | metal element urine human biomonitoring influence factors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/6/488 |
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