<i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> Removal and Simultaneous Control of Algal Organic Matter (AOM) Release Using an Electro-Flocculation–Electro-Fenton (EC-EF) System without Chemical Addition
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms pose a serious environmental threat to global water ecology and drinking water safety. <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>, a dominant cyanobacterial species in cyanobacterial blooms, was removed using the electro-flocculation–electro-Fenton (EC-EF) technology. In...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/1/162 |
| _version_ | 1797358089860546560 |
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| author | Wendi Shen Lili An Xin Xu Feng Yan Ruihua Dai |
| author_facet | Wendi Shen Lili An Xin Xu Feng Yan Ruihua Dai |
| author_sort | Wendi Shen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Harmful cyanobacterial blooms pose a serious environmental threat to global water ecology and drinking water safety. <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>, a dominant cyanobacterial species in cyanobacterial blooms, was removed using the electro-flocculation–electro-Fenton (EC-EF) technology. In the EC-EF system, the iron anode was used as a sacrificial anode to produce iron ions in situ. Combining the aeration device with the graphite felt cathode as one unit realizes a direct and effective air supply to the cathode, and improves the electrical Fenton efficiency for generating oxidizing groups such as hydroxyl radicals. The cyanobacteria removal efficiency was up to 94.6% under optimal process conditions with a current density of 1.08 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, an electrolysis time of 5 min, and an aeration flow rate of 0.06 L·min<sup>−1</sup>. At the same time, the microcystins (MCs) and total organic carbon (TOC) content in the water were controlled. The mechanism of cyanobacterial cell removal using this EC-EF system was investigated via characterization of cyanobacterial cells and flocs and cell membrane permeability analysis. The moderate oxidation and iron hydroxide encapsulation of this system are both beneficial to maintaining the integrity of cyanobacterial cells. The results demonstrated that EC-EF is a chemical-free and eco-friendly cyanobacteria removal technology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:55:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e37984b2164c493dbf64f4ff93896c3d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:55:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-e37984b2164c493dbf64f4ff93896c3d2024-01-10T15:11:54ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-12-0116116210.3390/w16010162<i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> Removal and Simultaneous Control of Algal Organic Matter (AOM) Release Using an Electro-Flocculation–Electro-Fenton (EC-EF) System without Chemical AdditionWendi Shen0Lili An1Xin Xu2Feng Yan3Ruihua Dai4Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaHarmful cyanobacterial blooms pose a serious environmental threat to global water ecology and drinking water safety. <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>, a dominant cyanobacterial species in cyanobacterial blooms, was removed using the electro-flocculation–electro-Fenton (EC-EF) technology. In the EC-EF system, the iron anode was used as a sacrificial anode to produce iron ions in situ. Combining the aeration device with the graphite felt cathode as one unit realizes a direct and effective air supply to the cathode, and improves the electrical Fenton efficiency for generating oxidizing groups such as hydroxyl radicals. The cyanobacteria removal efficiency was up to 94.6% under optimal process conditions with a current density of 1.08 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, an electrolysis time of 5 min, and an aeration flow rate of 0.06 L·min<sup>−1</sup>. At the same time, the microcystins (MCs) and total organic carbon (TOC) content in the water were controlled. The mechanism of cyanobacterial cell removal using this EC-EF system was investigated via characterization of cyanobacterial cells and flocs and cell membrane permeability analysis. The moderate oxidation and iron hydroxide encapsulation of this system are both beneficial to maintaining the integrity of cyanobacterial cells. The results demonstrated that EC-EF is a chemical-free and eco-friendly cyanobacteria removal technology.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/1/162cyanobacteria removalelectro-flocculation–electro-Fentonmicrocystins controlno chemical addition |
| spellingShingle | Wendi Shen Lili An Xin Xu Feng Yan Ruihua Dai <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> Removal and Simultaneous Control of Algal Organic Matter (AOM) Release Using an Electro-Flocculation–Electro-Fenton (EC-EF) System without Chemical Addition Water cyanobacteria removal electro-flocculation–electro-Fenton microcystins control no chemical addition |
| title | <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> Removal and Simultaneous Control of Algal Organic Matter (AOM) Release Using an Electro-Flocculation–Electro-Fenton (EC-EF) System without Chemical Addition |
| title_full | <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> Removal and Simultaneous Control of Algal Organic Matter (AOM) Release Using an Electro-Flocculation–Electro-Fenton (EC-EF) System without Chemical Addition |
| title_fullStr | <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> Removal and Simultaneous Control of Algal Organic Matter (AOM) Release Using an Electro-Flocculation–Electro-Fenton (EC-EF) System without Chemical Addition |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> Removal and Simultaneous Control of Algal Organic Matter (AOM) Release Using an Electro-Flocculation–Electro-Fenton (EC-EF) System without Chemical Addition |
| title_short | <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> Removal and Simultaneous Control of Algal Organic Matter (AOM) Release Using an Electro-Flocculation–Electro-Fenton (EC-EF) System without Chemical Addition |
| title_sort | i microcystis aeruginosa i removal and simultaneous control of algal organic matter aom release using an electro flocculation electro fenton ec ef system without chemical addition |
| topic | cyanobacteria removal electro-flocculation–electro-Fenton microcystins control no chemical addition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/1/162 |
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