Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles/Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers as Impervious Barrier against Viral Infections
Background: Using face masks is one of the protective measures to reduce the transmission rate of coronavirus. Its massive spread necessitates developing safe and effective antiviral masks (filters) applying nanotechnology. Methods: Novel electrospun composites were fabricated by incorporating ceriu...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/5/1494 |
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| author | Merna H. Emam Reham S. Elezaby Shady A. Swidan Samah A. Loutfy Rania M. Hathout |
| author_facet | Merna H. Emam Reham S. Elezaby Shady A. Swidan Samah A. Loutfy Rania M. Hathout |
| author_sort | Merna H. Emam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Using face masks is one of the protective measures to reduce the transmission rate of coronavirus. Its massive spread necessitates developing safe and effective antiviral masks (filters) applying nanotechnology. Methods: Novel electrospun composites were fabricated by incorporating cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs) into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrospun nanofibers that can be used in the future in face masks. The effects of the polymer concentration, applied voltage, and feeding rate during the electrospinning were studied. The electrospun nanofibers were characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR, and tensile strength testing. The cytotoxic effect of the nanofibers was evaluated in the <i>Vero</i> cell line using the MTT colorimetric assay, and the antiviral activity of the proposed nanofibers was evaluated against the human adenovirus type 5 (<i>ADV-5</i>) respiratory virus. Results: The optimum formulation was fabricated with a PAN concentration of 8%, <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> loaded with 0.25%, <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs with a feeding rate of 26 KV and an applied voltage of 0.5 mL/h. They showed a particle size of 15.8 ± 1.91 nm and a zeta potential of −14 ± 0.141 mV. SEM imaging demonstrated the nanoscale features of the nanofibers even after incorporating CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs. The cellular viability study showed the safety of the PAN nanofibers. Incorporating CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs into these fibers further increased their cellular viability. Moreover, the assembled filter could prevent viral entry into the host cells as well as prevent their replication inside the cells via adsorption and virucidal antiviral mechanisms. Conclusions: The developed cerium oxide nanoparticles/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers can be considered a promising antiviral filter that can be used to halt virus spread. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:24:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e381ca68b767457aad94f0c55d7fbbfc2023-11-18T02:52:24ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232023-05-01155149410.3390/pharmaceutics15051494Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles/Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers as Impervious Barrier against Viral InfectionsMerna H. Emam0Reham S. Elezaby1Shady A. Swidan2Samah A. Loutfy3Rania M. Hathout4Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, Suez Desert Road, El-Shorouk City, P.O. Box 43, Cairo 11837, EgyptDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Shorouk City, P.O. Box 43, Cairo 11837, EgyptNanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, Suez Desert Road, El-Shorouk City, P.O. Box 43, Cairo 11837, EgyptDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptBackground: Using face masks is one of the protective measures to reduce the transmission rate of coronavirus. Its massive spread necessitates developing safe and effective antiviral masks (filters) applying nanotechnology. Methods: Novel electrospun composites were fabricated by incorporating cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs) into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrospun nanofibers that can be used in the future in face masks. The effects of the polymer concentration, applied voltage, and feeding rate during the electrospinning were studied. The electrospun nanofibers were characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR, and tensile strength testing. The cytotoxic effect of the nanofibers was evaluated in the <i>Vero</i> cell line using the MTT colorimetric assay, and the antiviral activity of the proposed nanofibers was evaluated against the human adenovirus type 5 (<i>ADV-5</i>) respiratory virus. Results: The optimum formulation was fabricated with a PAN concentration of 8%, <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> loaded with 0.25%, <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs with a feeding rate of 26 KV and an applied voltage of 0.5 mL/h. They showed a particle size of 15.8 ± 1.91 nm and a zeta potential of −14 ± 0.141 mV. SEM imaging demonstrated the nanoscale features of the nanofibers even after incorporating CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs. The cellular viability study showed the safety of the PAN nanofibers. Incorporating CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs into these fibers further increased their cellular viability. Moreover, the assembled filter could prevent viral entry into the host cells as well as prevent their replication inside the cells via adsorption and virucidal antiviral mechanisms. Conclusions: The developed cerium oxide nanoparticles/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers can be considered a promising antiviral filter that can be used to halt virus spread.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/5/1494polyacrylonitrilenanofiberscerium oxidenanoparticlesadenovirusface mask |
| spellingShingle | Merna H. Emam Reham S. Elezaby Shady A. Swidan Samah A. Loutfy Rania M. Hathout Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles/Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers as Impervious Barrier against Viral Infections Pharmaceutics polyacrylonitrile nanofibers cerium oxide nanoparticles adenovirus face mask |
| title | Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles/Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers as Impervious Barrier against Viral Infections |
| title_full | Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles/Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers as Impervious Barrier against Viral Infections |
| title_fullStr | Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles/Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers as Impervious Barrier against Viral Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles/Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers as Impervious Barrier against Viral Infections |
| title_short | Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles/Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers as Impervious Barrier against Viral Infections |
| title_sort | cerium oxide nanoparticles polyacrylonitrile nanofibers as impervious barrier against viral infections |
| topic | polyacrylonitrile nanofibers cerium oxide nanoparticles adenovirus face mask |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/5/1494 |
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