Avian Influenza: Could the H5N1 Virus Be a Potential Next Threat?
Avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a significant challenge to poultry production, with negative repercussions for both the economy and public health worldwide. Since January 2003, a total of 868 human cases of AIV H5N1 have been reported from four countries in the Western Pacific Region, as of 9 Marc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Microbiology Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/14/2/45 |
| _version_ | 1797593547920113664 |
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| author | Elena Imperia Liliana Bazzani Fabio Scarpa Alessandra Borsetti Nicola Petrosillo Marta Giovanetti Massimo Ciccozzi |
| author_facet | Elena Imperia Liliana Bazzani Fabio Scarpa Alessandra Borsetti Nicola Petrosillo Marta Giovanetti Massimo Ciccozzi |
| author_sort | Elena Imperia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a significant challenge to poultry production, with negative repercussions for both the economy and public health worldwide. Since January 2003, a total of 868 human cases of AIV H5N1 have been reported from four countries in the Western Pacific Region, as of 9 March 2023. When AIVs are circulating in poultry, there is a risk of sporadic infections and small clusters of human cases due to exposure to infected poultry or contaminated environments. The increase in reported A(H5N1) infections may reflect continued virus circulation in birds, as well as enhanced surveillance and diagnostic capacity resulting from the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous countermeasures, including vaccines and antiviral treatments, are available for influenza infection. However, their effectiveness is often debated due to the ongoing resistance to antivirals and the relatively low and unpredictable efficiency of influenza vaccines compared to other vaccines. Vaccination remains the primary method for preventing influenza acquisition or avoiding serious complications related to the disease. In this review, we summarize the global landscape of the Influenza A virus and provide insights into human clinical symptomatology. We call for urgent investment in genomic surveillance strategies to timely detect and shape the emergence of any potential viral pathogen, which is essential for epidemic/pandemic preparedness. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:09:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e38f8bfc3370467c95a356b7d22e18e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2036-7481 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:09:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbiology Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-e38f8bfc3370467c95a356b7d22e18e72023-11-18T11:38:09ZengMDPI AGMicrobiology Research2036-74812023-05-0114263564510.3390/microbiolres14020045Avian Influenza: Could the H5N1 Virus Be a Potential Next Threat?Elena Imperia0Liliana Bazzani1Fabio Scarpa2Alessandra Borsetti3Nicola Petrosillo4Marta Giovanetti5Massimo Ciccozzi6Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, ItalySciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, University of Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyNational HIV/AIDS Research Center (CNAIDS), National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, ItalyInfection Prevention and Control—Infectious Disease Service, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, ItalySciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, University of Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, ItalyUnit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, ItalyAvian influenza virus (AIV) poses a significant challenge to poultry production, with negative repercussions for both the economy and public health worldwide. Since January 2003, a total of 868 human cases of AIV H5N1 have been reported from four countries in the Western Pacific Region, as of 9 March 2023. When AIVs are circulating in poultry, there is a risk of sporadic infections and small clusters of human cases due to exposure to infected poultry or contaminated environments. The increase in reported A(H5N1) infections may reflect continued virus circulation in birds, as well as enhanced surveillance and diagnostic capacity resulting from the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous countermeasures, including vaccines and antiviral treatments, are available for influenza infection. However, their effectiveness is often debated due to the ongoing resistance to antivirals and the relatively low and unpredictable efficiency of influenza vaccines compared to other vaccines. Vaccination remains the primary method for preventing influenza acquisition or avoiding serious complications related to the disease. In this review, we summarize the global landscape of the Influenza A virus and provide insights into human clinical symptomatology. We call for urgent investment in genomic surveillance strategies to timely detect and shape the emergence of any potential viral pathogen, which is essential for epidemic/pandemic preparedness.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/14/2/45avian influenza virus (AIV)H5N1Hemoagglutinin (HA)Neuramidase (NA)epidemic/pandemic preparedness |
| spellingShingle | Elena Imperia Liliana Bazzani Fabio Scarpa Alessandra Borsetti Nicola Petrosillo Marta Giovanetti Massimo Ciccozzi Avian Influenza: Could the H5N1 Virus Be a Potential Next Threat? Microbiology Research avian influenza virus (AIV) H5N1 Hemoagglutinin (HA) Neuramidase (NA) epidemic/pandemic preparedness |
| title | Avian Influenza: Could the H5N1 Virus Be a Potential Next Threat? |
| title_full | Avian Influenza: Could the H5N1 Virus Be a Potential Next Threat? |
| title_fullStr | Avian Influenza: Could the H5N1 Virus Be a Potential Next Threat? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Avian Influenza: Could the H5N1 Virus Be a Potential Next Threat? |
| title_short | Avian Influenza: Could the H5N1 Virus Be a Potential Next Threat? |
| title_sort | avian influenza could the h5n1 virus be a potential next threat |
| topic | avian influenza virus (AIV) H5N1 Hemoagglutinin (HA) Neuramidase (NA) epidemic/pandemic preparedness |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/14/2/45 |
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