Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from the Herbal Industry Wastes as a Potential Feedstock for Biodiesel Production
Due to thegrowing awareness of fossil fuel depletion and environmental issues, biodiesel alternative fuel is currently of substantial interest. This research assessed herbal industry wastes as a potential resource for biodiesel production for the first time. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), obtaine...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/14/3702 |
| _version_ | 1797562133031944192 |
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| author | Aneta Sienkiewicz Alicja Piotrowska-Niczyporuk Andrzej Bajguz |
| author_facet | Aneta Sienkiewicz Alicja Piotrowska-Niczyporuk Andrzej Bajguz |
| author_sort | Aneta Sienkiewicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to thegrowing awareness of fossil fuel depletion and environmental issues, biodiesel alternative fuel is currently of substantial interest. This research assessed herbal industry wastes as a potential resource for biodiesel production for the first time. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), obtained in the transesterification reaction, were extracted from the herbal samples by ultrasound-assisted extraction and identified withgas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. The presence of at least 20 (e.g., in chamomile and chicory) FAMEs, up to 31 in nettle and senna, was reported. The unsaturated FAMEs were found in higher amounts than saturated. Linoleic acidwas the major polyunsaturated FAME in herbal wastes, while palmitic acid was the major saturated FAME. The highest content of FAMEs was identified in rye bran, Figure tea, and chicory. According to the cetane number prediction, BS EN 14214:2012+A2:2019, and hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC)wastes from, e.g., nettle, sage, and senna, are the most suitable in biodiesel production with fuel properties acceptable by the EuropeanStandards.Principal component analysis and HCPC allowed to classify and groupsimilar plants according to their FAMEs content; however, additional studies of herbal biofuel properties are needed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:24:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e390acac9ea14662b662a28128191520 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:24:10Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-e390acac9ea14662b662a281281915202023-11-20T07:10:28ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732020-07-011314370210.3390/en13143702Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from the Herbal Industry Wastes as a Potential Feedstock for Biodiesel ProductionAneta Sienkiewicz0Alicja Piotrowska-Niczyporuk1Andrzej Bajguz2Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J Street, 15-245 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J Street, 15-245 Bialystok, PolandDue to thegrowing awareness of fossil fuel depletion and environmental issues, biodiesel alternative fuel is currently of substantial interest. This research assessed herbal industry wastes as a potential resource for biodiesel production for the first time. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), obtained in the transesterification reaction, were extracted from the herbal samples by ultrasound-assisted extraction and identified withgas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. The presence of at least 20 (e.g., in chamomile and chicory) FAMEs, up to 31 in nettle and senna, was reported. The unsaturated FAMEs were found in higher amounts than saturated. Linoleic acidwas the major polyunsaturated FAME in herbal wastes, while palmitic acid was the major saturated FAME. The highest content of FAMEs was identified in rye bran, Figure tea, and chicory. According to the cetane number prediction, BS EN 14214:2012+A2:2019, and hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC)wastes from, e.g., nettle, sage, and senna, are the most suitable in biodiesel production with fuel properties acceptable by the EuropeanStandards.Principal component analysis and HCPC allowed to classify and groupsimilar plants according to their FAMEs content; however, additional studies of herbal biofuel properties are needed.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/14/3702biofuelcetane number predictionFAMEHCPCherbal clusteringpostproduction plant wastes |
| spellingShingle | Aneta Sienkiewicz Alicja Piotrowska-Niczyporuk Andrzej Bajguz Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from the Herbal Industry Wastes as a Potential Feedstock for Biodiesel Production Energies biofuel cetane number prediction FAME HCPC herbal clustering postproduction plant wastes |
| title | Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from the Herbal Industry Wastes as a Potential Feedstock for Biodiesel Production |
| title_full | Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from the Herbal Industry Wastes as a Potential Feedstock for Biodiesel Production |
| title_fullStr | Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from the Herbal Industry Wastes as a Potential Feedstock for Biodiesel Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from the Herbal Industry Wastes as a Potential Feedstock for Biodiesel Production |
| title_short | Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from the Herbal Industry Wastes as a Potential Feedstock for Biodiesel Production |
| title_sort | fatty acid methyl esters from the herbal industry wastes as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production |
| topic | biofuel cetane number prediction FAME HCPC herbal clustering postproduction plant wastes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/14/3702 |
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