Climate-driven diversity changes of Mediterranean echinoids over the last 6 Ma
Echinoids represent an important component of the Cenozoic marine benthic communities. Their diversity in the Mediterranean area is reviewed within the Late Miocene–Recent, a period of remarkable paleogeographic and paleoclimate changes. Of the 37 genera that lived during the Late Miocene, only Ho...
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| Format: | Article |
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Institute of Paleobiology PAS
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |
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| Online Access: | https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app67/app009932022.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797957491298926592 |
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| author | ENRICO BORGHI VITTORIO GARILLI |
| author_facet | ENRICO BORGHI VITTORIO GARILLI |
| author_sort | ENRICO BORGHI |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Echinoids represent an important component of the Cenozoic marine benthic communities. Their diversity in the
Mediterranean area is reviewed within the Late Miocene–Recent, a period of remarkable paleogeographic and paleoclimate changes. Of the 37 genera that lived during the Late Miocene, only Holaster, Pliolampas, and Trachyaster did
not survive the Messinian Mediterranean salinity crisis (MSC), indicating that this event was not as drastic as for other
marine groups. The presence of Brissopsis within the uppermost Messinian testifies to the existence of fully marine
conditions at least towards the end of the MSC. Severe drops in the echinoid diversity, involving the loss of 40% of the
Pliocene genera, occurred during the Piacenzian, likely because of the onset of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation.
Most of the echinoid extinctions correlate with the crisis of the Mediterranean bivalve assemblage recorded at about
3 Ma. The Early Pleistocene progressive cooling caused the disappearance of further thermophilous shallow-water
genera (Clypeaster, Schizechinus, Echinolampas) and allowed the entrance of temperate taxa (Paracentrotus lividus,
Placentinechinus davolii and Sphaerechinus granularis) from the Atlantic. Some deep-water taxa (Histocidaris sicula,
Stirechinus scillae, Cidaris margaritifera), whose Recent relatives are currently restricted to tropical areas, are not found
in the area after the Calabrian possibly because of the disappearance of the psychrosphere. The extant Mediterranean
echinoid fauna mainly derives from the Late Miocene fauna, reduced after several climatic changes by about 43% at the
genus level. The recent increase of the sea surface temperatures allowed the entrance of the Lessepsian Diadema setosum and confined the deep-water species of Holanthus to the coldest areas of the basin, making this genus endangered. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:04:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e39797de150a43e4a57faa915722199f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0567-7920 1732-2421 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:04:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Institute of Paleobiology PAS |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |
| spelling | doaj.art-e39797de150a43e4a57faa915722199f2023-01-09T13:05:59ZengInstitute of Paleobiology PASActa Palaeontologica Polonica0567-79201732-24212022-12-0167478180510.4202/app.00993.2022Climate-driven diversity changes of Mediterranean echinoids over the last 6 MaENRICO BORGHI0VITTORIO GARILLI1Società Reggiana di Scienze Naturali, Via A. Gramsci 109, 42024, Castelnovo Sotto (RE), ItalyPaleoSofia—Research and Educational Service, Via Gagini 19, 90133 Palermo, ItalyEchinoids represent an important component of the Cenozoic marine benthic communities. Their diversity in the Mediterranean area is reviewed within the Late Miocene–Recent, a period of remarkable paleogeographic and paleoclimate changes. Of the 37 genera that lived during the Late Miocene, only Holaster, Pliolampas, and Trachyaster did not survive the Messinian Mediterranean salinity crisis (MSC), indicating that this event was not as drastic as for other marine groups. The presence of Brissopsis within the uppermost Messinian testifies to the existence of fully marine conditions at least towards the end of the MSC. Severe drops in the echinoid diversity, involving the loss of 40% of the Pliocene genera, occurred during the Piacenzian, likely because of the onset of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Most of the echinoid extinctions correlate with the crisis of the Mediterranean bivalve assemblage recorded at about 3 Ma. The Early Pleistocene progressive cooling caused the disappearance of further thermophilous shallow-water genera (Clypeaster, Schizechinus, Echinolampas) and allowed the entrance of temperate taxa (Paracentrotus lividus, Placentinechinus davolii and Sphaerechinus granularis) from the Atlantic. Some deep-water taxa (Histocidaris sicula, Stirechinus scillae, Cidaris margaritifera), whose Recent relatives are currently restricted to tropical areas, are not found in the area after the Calabrian possibly because of the disappearance of the psychrosphere. The extant Mediterranean echinoid fauna mainly derives from the Late Miocene fauna, reduced after several climatic changes by about 43% at the genus level. The recent increase of the sea surface temperatures allowed the entrance of the Lessepsian Diadema setosum and confined the deep-water species of Holanthus to the coldest areas of the basin, making this genus endangered.https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app67/app009932022.pdfechinoideabiodiversitybiogeographypaleoclimatemediterranean bioeventsmiocene salinity crisislate cenozoic |
| spellingShingle | ENRICO BORGHI VITTORIO GARILLI Climate-driven diversity changes of Mediterranean echinoids over the last 6 Ma Acta Palaeontologica Polonica echinoidea biodiversity biogeography paleoclimate mediterranean bioevents miocene salinity crisis late cenozoic |
| title | Climate-driven diversity changes of Mediterranean echinoids over the last 6 Ma |
| title_full | Climate-driven diversity changes of Mediterranean echinoids over the last 6 Ma |
| title_fullStr | Climate-driven diversity changes of Mediterranean echinoids over the last 6 Ma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Climate-driven diversity changes of Mediterranean echinoids over the last 6 Ma |
| title_short | Climate-driven diversity changes of Mediterranean echinoids over the last 6 Ma |
| title_sort | climate driven diversity changes of mediterranean echinoids over the last 6 ma |
| topic | echinoidea biodiversity biogeography paleoclimate mediterranean bioevents miocene salinity crisis late cenozoic |
| url | https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app67/app009932022.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT enricoborghi climatedrivendiversitychangesofmediterraneanechinoidsoverthelast6ma AT vittoriogarilli climatedrivendiversitychangesofmediterraneanechinoidsoverthelast6ma |