Impacts of High-Density Suspended Aquaculture on Water Currents: Observation and Modeling
Large-scale aquaculture activities in China have been rapidly developing in coastal waters, and they inevitably affect hydrodynamic structures and, hence, substance transportation. Predicting the effects is critical for understanding the environmental ecology and biochemical processes in these water...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/8/1151 |
| _version_ | 1797409503997591552 |
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| author | Xuehai Liu Xuelei Zhang |
| author_facet | Xuehai Liu Xuelei Zhang |
| author_sort | Xuehai Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Large-scale aquaculture activities in China have been rapidly developing in coastal waters, and they inevitably affect hydrodynamic structures and, hence, substance transportation. Predicting the effects is critical for understanding the environmental ecology and biochemical processes in these waters. To realize the solution, we conducted a field observation in Sungo Bay, which is an important aquaculture bay in China, and we developed a three-dimensional numerical model by arranging so-called porous structures, representing the aquaculture facilities, on grids of the culture layers. The energy-loss coefficients were specified to determine the momentum loss by the friction of the structures. We determined the appropriate coefficients for the oyster, scallop, and kelp cultures by using numerical simulation. According to the observation and model results, the aquaculture substantially weakened the current velocities in the culture layers and altered the vertical structures of the water currents. For this high-density and large-scale culture bay, the decrease rates of the current velocities in the culture layer were up to ~68%, ~65% and ~60% in the culture zones of oysters, scallops, and kelps, respectively. Bivalve cultures and kelp and bivalve cultures reduced the water-exchange ability of the bay by 33% and 50%, respectively. The method and results of this study provide a reference for studies on other aquaculture bays. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:16:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e3981aa130394f23b866b3f2d6305c8a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:16:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-e3981aa130394f23b866b3f2d6305c8a2023-12-03T13:54:39ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122022-08-01108115110.3390/jmse10081151Impacts of High-Density Suspended Aquaculture on Water Currents: Observation and ModelingXuehai Liu0Xuelei Zhang1Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaLarge-scale aquaculture activities in China have been rapidly developing in coastal waters, and they inevitably affect hydrodynamic structures and, hence, substance transportation. Predicting the effects is critical for understanding the environmental ecology and biochemical processes in these waters. To realize the solution, we conducted a field observation in Sungo Bay, which is an important aquaculture bay in China, and we developed a three-dimensional numerical model by arranging so-called porous structures, representing the aquaculture facilities, on grids of the culture layers. The energy-loss coefficients were specified to determine the momentum loss by the friction of the structures. We determined the appropriate coefficients for the oyster, scallop, and kelp cultures by using numerical simulation. According to the observation and model results, the aquaculture substantially weakened the current velocities in the culture layers and altered the vertical structures of the water currents. For this high-density and large-scale culture bay, the decrease rates of the current velocities in the culture layer were up to ~68%, ~65% and ~60% in the culture zones of oysters, scallops, and kelps, respectively. Bivalve cultures and kelp and bivalve cultures reduced the water-exchange ability of the bay by 33% and 50%, respectively. The method and results of this study provide a reference for studies on other aquaculture bays.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/8/1151aquaculturewater currentnumerical modelwater frictionSungo Bay |
| spellingShingle | Xuehai Liu Xuelei Zhang Impacts of High-Density Suspended Aquaculture on Water Currents: Observation and Modeling Journal of Marine Science and Engineering aquaculture water current numerical model water friction Sungo Bay |
| title | Impacts of High-Density Suspended Aquaculture on Water Currents: Observation and Modeling |
| title_full | Impacts of High-Density Suspended Aquaculture on Water Currents: Observation and Modeling |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of High-Density Suspended Aquaculture on Water Currents: Observation and Modeling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of High-Density Suspended Aquaculture on Water Currents: Observation and Modeling |
| title_short | Impacts of High-Density Suspended Aquaculture on Water Currents: Observation and Modeling |
| title_sort | impacts of high density suspended aquaculture on water currents observation and modeling |
| topic | aquaculture water current numerical model water friction Sungo Bay |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/8/1151 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xuehailiu impactsofhighdensitysuspendedaquacultureonwatercurrentsobservationandmodeling AT xueleizhang impactsofhighdensitysuspendedaquacultureonwatercurrentsobservationandmodeling |