Mechanism of oceanic eddies in modulating the sea surface temperature response to a strong typhoon in the western North Pacific
Eddies are ubiquitous mesoscale dynamics in oceans worldwide that prominently influence the upper ocean. Specifically, the presence of preexisting eddies can modulate oceanic responses to passing typhoons, for which the underlying mechanism requires further investigation. In 2013, Typhoon Soulik tra...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1117301/full |
| _version_ | 1797944933254955008 |
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| author | Sheng Lin Wen-Zhou Zhang Yuntao Wang Fei Chai |
| author_facet | Sheng Lin Wen-Zhou Zhang Yuntao Wang Fei Chai |
| author_sort | Sheng Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Eddies are ubiquitous mesoscale dynamics in oceans worldwide that prominently influence the upper ocean. Specifically, the presence of preexisting eddies can modulate oceanic responses to passing typhoons, for which the underlying mechanism requires further investigation. In 2013, Typhoon Soulik traveled over 2,000 km in the western North Pacific, encountering multiple eddies, offering a suitable opportunity for investigating the impact of eddies on typhoon-induced upper ocean responses. A coupled ocean-atmosphere model was developed for this event, and the simulations were validated with multiple observations. The surface cold wake after Typhoon Soulik was successfully reproduced by the coupled model, showing a multicore structure, which was due to the preexisting mesoscale cyclonic eddies along the typhoon path. An experimental case excluding eddies was also tested in the numerical model. The comparison between the control and experimental cases revealed that sea surface cooling was enhanced by eddies via the vertical mixing and horizontal advection of eddy-related currents. In particular, vertical mixing enhanced sea surface cooling beneath the typhoon center due to the stronger vertical stratification within the preexisting cyclonic oceanic eddies. The eddy-related current with a horizontal temperature gradient contributed to advection, enhancing sea surface cooling at the cooling center and leading to a rightward-shifted pattern of enhanced sea surface cooling. This study enriches the understanding of the complex upper ocean dynamics under the combined effects of typhoons and eddies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:47:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e3a97e1f62a64ec8ab23065f5f94d713 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:47:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-e3a97e1f62a64ec8ab23065f5f94d7132023-01-24T07:11:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452023-01-011010.3389/fmars.2023.11173011117301Mechanism of oceanic eddies in modulating the sea surface temperature response to a strong typhoon in the western North PacificSheng Lin0Wen-Zhou Zhang1Yuntao Wang2Fei Chai3State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaEddies are ubiquitous mesoscale dynamics in oceans worldwide that prominently influence the upper ocean. Specifically, the presence of preexisting eddies can modulate oceanic responses to passing typhoons, for which the underlying mechanism requires further investigation. In 2013, Typhoon Soulik traveled over 2,000 km in the western North Pacific, encountering multiple eddies, offering a suitable opportunity for investigating the impact of eddies on typhoon-induced upper ocean responses. A coupled ocean-atmosphere model was developed for this event, and the simulations were validated with multiple observations. The surface cold wake after Typhoon Soulik was successfully reproduced by the coupled model, showing a multicore structure, which was due to the preexisting mesoscale cyclonic eddies along the typhoon path. An experimental case excluding eddies was also tested in the numerical model. The comparison between the control and experimental cases revealed that sea surface cooling was enhanced by eddies via the vertical mixing and horizontal advection of eddy-related currents. In particular, vertical mixing enhanced sea surface cooling beneath the typhoon center due to the stronger vertical stratification within the preexisting cyclonic oceanic eddies. The eddy-related current with a horizontal temperature gradient contributed to advection, enhancing sea surface cooling at the cooling center and leading to a rightward-shifted pattern of enhanced sea surface cooling. This study enriches the understanding of the complex upper ocean dynamics under the combined effects of typhoons and eddies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1117301/fulloceanic responsetyphooncoupled atmosphere-ocean modelcyclonic eddyhorizontal advection |
| spellingShingle | Sheng Lin Wen-Zhou Zhang Yuntao Wang Fei Chai Mechanism of oceanic eddies in modulating the sea surface temperature response to a strong typhoon in the western North Pacific Frontiers in Marine Science oceanic response typhoon coupled atmosphere-ocean model cyclonic eddy horizontal advection |
| title | Mechanism of oceanic eddies in modulating the sea surface temperature response to a strong typhoon in the western North Pacific |
| title_full | Mechanism of oceanic eddies in modulating the sea surface temperature response to a strong typhoon in the western North Pacific |
| title_fullStr | Mechanism of oceanic eddies in modulating the sea surface temperature response to a strong typhoon in the western North Pacific |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanism of oceanic eddies in modulating the sea surface temperature response to a strong typhoon in the western North Pacific |
| title_short | Mechanism of oceanic eddies in modulating the sea surface temperature response to a strong typhoon in the western North Pacific |
| title_sort | mechanism of oceanic eddies in modulating the sea surface temperature response to a strong typhoon in the western north pacific |
| topic | oceanic response typhoon coupled atmosphere-ocean model cyclonic eddy horizontal advection |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1117301/full |
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