Unveiling Neurocognitive Disparities in Encoding and Retrieval between Paper and Digital Tablet-Based Learning
The widespread use of mobile devices and laptops has replaced traditional paper-based learning and the question of how the brain efficiency of digital tablet-based learning differs from that of paper-based learning remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in brain...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/1/76 |
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| author | Si-An Lee Jun-Hwa Hong Na-Yeon Kim Hye-Min Min Ha-Min Yang Si-Hyeon Lee Seo-Jin Choi Jin-Hyuck Park |
| author_facet | Si-An Lee Jun-Hwa Hong Na-Yeon Kim Hye-Min Min Ha-Min Yang Si-Hyeon Lee Seo-Jin Choi Jin-Hyuck Park |
| author_sort | Si-An Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The widespread use of mobile devices and laptops has replaced traditional paper-based learning and the question of how the brain efficiency of digital tablet-based learning differs from that of paper-based learning remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in brain efficiency for learning between paper-based and digital tablet-based learning by measuring activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Thirty-two subjects were randomly assigned to the paper-based learning or the digital tablet-based learning group. Subjects in each group performed a memory task that required memorizing a three-minute novel (encoding phase) on a paper or digital tablet, followed by a test in which they answered four multiple-choice questions based on the novel’s content. To compare both groups, behavioral performance on the test (retrieval phase) and activity in the PFC were measured. As a result, no significant difference in behavioral performance between both groups was observed (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, the paper-based learning group showed significantly lower activity in the PFC in the encoding phase than the digital tablet-based learning group (<i>p</i> < 0.05) but not in the retrieval phase. The current study demonstrated that brain efficiency in encoding is higher in subjects with paper-based learning than those with digital tablet-based learning. This finding has important implications for education, particularly in terms of the pros and cons of electronic document-based learning. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:03:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e3ab40a8d0cd448caa9dd49c21d3b245 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:03:45Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-e3ab40a8d0cd448caa9dd49c21d3b2452024-01-26T15:24:58ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252024-01-011417610.3390/brainsci14010076Unveiling Neurocognitive Disparities in Encoding and Retrieval between Paper and Digital Tablet-Based LearningSi-An Lee0Jun-Hwa Hong1Na-Yeon Kim2Hye-Min Min3Ha-Min Yang4Si-Hyeon Lee5Seo-Jin Choi6Jin-Hyuck Park7Department of ICT Convergence, The Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of KoreaThe widespread use of mobile devices and laptops has replaced traditional paper-based learning and the question of how the brain efficiency of digital tablet-based learning differs from that of paper-based learning remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in brain efficiency for learning between paper-based and digital tablet-based learning by measuring activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Thirty-two subjects were randomly assigned to the paper-based learning or the digital tablet-based learning group. Subjects in each group performed a memory task that required memorizing a three-minute novel (encoding phase) on a paper or digital tablet, followed by a test in which they answered four multiple-choice questions based on the novel’s content. To compare both groups, behavioral performance on the test (retrieval phase) and activity in the PFC were measured. As a result, no significant difference in behavioral performance between both groups was observed (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, the paper-based learning group showed significantly lower activity in the PFC in the encoding phase than the digital tablet-based learning group (<i>p</i> < 0.05) but not in the retrieval phase. The current study demonstrated that brain efficiency in encoding is higher in subjects with paper-based learning than those with digital tablet-based learning. This finding has important implications for education, particularly in terms of the pros and cons of electronic document-based learning.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/1/76brain efficiencylearningmemoryeducationfNIRS |
| spellingShingle | Si-An Lee Jun-Hwa Hong Na-Yeon Kim Hye-Min Min Ha-Min Yang Si-Hyeon Lee Seo-Jin Choi Jin-Hyuck Park Unveiling Neurocognitive Disparities in Encoding and Retrieval between Paper and Digital Tablet-Based Learning Brain Sciences brain efficiency learning memory education fNIRS |
| title | Unveiling Neurocognitive Disparities in Encoding and Retrieval between Paper and Digital Tablet-Based Learning |
| title_full | Unveiling Neurocognitive Disparities in Encoding and Retrieval between Paper and Digital Tablet-Based Learning |
| title_fullStr | Unveiling Neurocognitive Disparities in Encoding and Retrieval between Paper and Digital Tablet-Based Learning |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unveiling Neurocognitive Disparities in Encoding and Retrieval between Paper and Digital Tablet-Based Learning |
| title_short | Unveiling Neurocognitive Disparities in Encoding and Retrieval between Paper and Digital Tablet-Based Learning |
| title_sort | unveiling neurocognitive disparities in encoding and retrieval between paper and digital tablet based learning |
| topic | brain efficiency learning memory education fNIRS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/1/76 |
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